Access Control Lists (ACLs)

CCNA2 Routing
172.16.3.0
172.16.4.0
e0
e1
s0
Non-172.16.0.0
Perrine modified by Brierley
Module 11
Access Control
04/27/15
server
172.16.4.13
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CCNA2 Routing
172.16.2.0
Computer
Module 11
Access Control
172.16.4.0
e0
e1
172.16.2.2
172.16.3.1
s0
172.16.3.0
s1
172.16.3.2
Computer
172.16.4.3
Server
172.16.4.2
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CCNA2 Routing
High Level View
Module 11
A HIGH LEVEL VIEW of ACLs
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
Access Control Lists

Standard
Extended
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CCNA2 Routing
High Level View
Module 11
Standard:
Interface Fa 0/0/0
ip access-group 1 out
access-list 1 deny 172.16.4.13 0.0.0.0
access-list 1 permit any
________________________________________________________________
Extended:
Interface Fa 0/0/0
ip access-group 101 in
access-list 101 deny tcp 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255 eq www

access-list 101 permit ip any any
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CCNA2 Routing
Standard Access Control Lists
Module 11
ACLs are instructions that are applied to a router interfaces.

The ACLs describe the kind of packets that are to be permitted or denied.
Permitted or Denial testing can be based on:
source address
destination address
port number
ACLs are configured on the router Interfaces to control access to a network.
ACLs must be defined separately for each protocol; Unique for IP, Unique for
IPX; Unique for AppleTalk, etc.
Some times ACLs are called packet filters.
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CCNA2 Routing
Standard Access Control Lists
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Module 11
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CCNA2 Routing
Extended ACLs
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Module 11
Page 8
CCNA2 Routing
Named ACLs
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Module 11
Page 9
CCNA2 Routing
Placing ACLs
Module 11
Standard ACLs should be placed close to the destination.

Extended ACLs should be placed close to the source.
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CCNA2 Routing
Firewalls
Module 11
A firewall is an architectural structure that

exists between the user and the outside world
to protect the internal network from intruders.
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Page 11
CCNA2 Routing
Restricting Virtual Terminal Access
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Module 11
Page 12
CCNA2 Routing
Summary
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Module 11
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CCNA2 Routing
ACL - Access Control Lists
Module 11
Reasons to create ACLs:

limit network traffic - hence increase network performance
provide traffic flow - limit traffic through the network
provide for security
ACLs establish
which traffic is blocked
which traffic is not blocked
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CCNA2 Routing
DETAIL
Module 11
A MORE DETAILED VIEW of ACLs
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
Cisco IOS checks each packet for:

1.
destination address
2.
source address
3.
protocol
4.
port number
access-list 1 deny 192.169.1.0 0.0.255.255

access-list 1 deny 192.168.1.9 0.0.0.0
access-list 1 deny 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
Each ACL statement is checked in a sequential order (first to last) and when
there is a match, no more statements are checked.
If the results are no matches, then the packet (by default) is discarded.
Adding addition ACL statements to the end of an existing list is just a matter of
adding the new statement. BUT, if
deleting an existing ACL statement causes the entire access list to be deleted.
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
When a packet enters a routers interface:

IN (inbound) checking is required. The packet:
1)
Is checked against the ACL list (if one exists)
2)
Here It can be interrogated to permit or deny.
3)
If denied the packet is dropped else,
4)
It is matched against the routing table and passed to an

OUT (outbound interface)
1)
OUT (outbound) checking is required.

Here It can be interrogated to permit or deny.
2) If denied the packet is dropped
3) If permitted then packet is allowed OUT (outbound).
The Outbound interfaces ACL is a different list from the inbound)

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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
ACL statements operate in a logical, sequential order. When a match is made

the rest of the statements are not checked.
If none the ACL statements match, then there is an implicit deny any rule.
access-list 10 { permit | deny } { test conditions }

access-list 10 deny any
access-list 1 deny 192.169.1.0 0.0.255.255

access-list 1 deny 192.168.1.9 0.0.0.0
access-list 1 deny 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
Two types of IP ACL :

standard - has access list value of 1- 99
extended - has access list value of 100 - 199
Must be configured in global configuration mode. Router (config) #
Steps in creating ACLs:
1) create the ACL (in config mode)
2) apply the ACL to an interface
ACLs are used to filter:
inbound traffic, or
outbound traffic
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CCNA2 Routing
Where to place ACLs
Module 11
Standard ACLs are place as close as possible to the destination.
Extended ACLs are place as close as possible to the source.
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CCNA2 Routing
Where to place ACLs
Module 11
Configuring an Access List:

Router(config)# access-list <ACL number> { permit | deny } { test conditions }
Router(config)# access-list 1 permit { test conditions }
Router(config)# access-list 50 deny { test conditions }
To delete all ACL statements of an access-list
Router(config)# no access-list <ACL number>
Applying the Access List:

At an interface:
Router(config)# int E0
Router(config-if)# { protocol } access-group <ACL number> [IN | OUT]
Out is the default if not mentioned
Router(config-if)# ip access-group 1
Router(config-if)# ip access-group 50
To delete an ACL group statement (this will not delete the associated list):
Router(config)# no access-group <ACL number>
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CCNA2 Routing
Wildcard
Module 11
A wildcard is matched with an IP address or protocol address.

It is a 32 bit mask divided into 4 octet, each containing 8 bits.
A 0 in the wildcard means to check the bit in the IP you are testing.
A 1 in the wildcard means ignore the bit in the IP you are testing.
NOTE!!!
Do NOT think subnet mask that is a totally different
meaning not related to the WILDCARD
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
Abbreviations
To permit or deny any address:

0.0.0.0
255.255.255.255
Address
Wildcard
Use the abbreviation any

Router(config)# access-list 1 permit 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
Router(config)# access-list 1 permit any
Router(config)# access-list 1 deny 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
Router(config)# access-list 1 deny any
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CCNA2 Routing
Abbreviations
Module 11
To match all the bits of IP address use host:

EX: 172. 30.16. 29 0. 0. 0. 0
Router(config)# access-list 1 permit 172.30.16.29 0.0.0.0
Router(config)# access-list 1 permit host 172.30.16.29
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CCNA2 Routing
Standard ACLs
Module 11
Criteria:
block all traffic from a network
allow all traffic from a network
deny entire protocol suits
Standard ACLs only check the source address.
Router(config)# access-list <ACL number> { deny | permit } source [ source wildcard] [log]
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CCNA2 Routing
Standard ACLs
Module 11
What does this statement accomplish?

Access-list 33 permit 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 log
Permits all traffic from 172.16.0.0 and sends messages to the console every
time the access list is executed.
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CCNA2 Routing
Standard ACLs
Module 11
Access-list 44 deny 172.16.13.7 0.0.0.0 log

Denies traffic from host 172.16.13.7 and sends message to the console every
time the access list is hit.
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CCNA2 Routing
Standard ACLs
Module 11

Access-list 55 deny 172.16.64.3 0.0.0.255
Denies all traffic from network 172.16.64.0
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CCNA2 Routing
Standard ACLs
Module 11
The log command:

Prints messages to the console which includes the ACL number, whether
the packet was permitted or denied, the source address, and the number
of packets.
The message is generated for the first packet that matches, and then at
five-minute intervals, including the number of packets permitted or
denied in the prior five-minute interval.
Log is used for debugging only not to be left active on live networks.
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CCNA2 Routing
Standard ACLs
Module 11
Example of applying the access-list:

Router(config-if)# ip access-group 33 in
Router(config-if)# ip access-group 44 out
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CCNA2 Routing
Standard ACLs
Module 11
To monitor IP access list: (in EXEC mode)

show access-list
Displays all access lists & their parameters configured on the router.
(Does not show you which interface the list is set on.)
show access-list <ACL number>

Shows only the parameters for the access list <ACL number>. (Does not
show you the interface the list is set on.)
show ip access-list
Shows only the IP access lists configured on the router
show ip interface
Shows which interfaces have access lists set (containing an accessgroup).
show running-config
Shows the routers entire configuration
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
Standard ACLs
172.16.3.0
172.16.4.0
e0
e1
s0
Non-172.16.0.0
server
172.16.4.13
R(config)# Interface e0
R(config-if)# ip access-group 1 out
R(config)# access-list 1 permit 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
What does it do?

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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
Standard ACLs
One Access list used by multiple Interfaces

172.16.3.0
172.16.4.0
e0
e1
s0
Non-172.16.0.0
server
172.16.4.13

R(config)# access-list 1 permit 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
Allows only traffic from source network 172.16.0.0 to be forwarded & and
172.16.0.0 traffic is blocked.
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
Standard ACLs
172.16.3.0
172.16.4.0
e0
e1
s0
Non-172.16.0.0
server
172.16.4.13
R(config)# access-list 1 deny 172.16.4.13 0.0.0.0
R(config)# access-list 1 permit any
What does this do?
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
Standard ACLs
172.16.3.0
172.16.4.0
e0
e1
s0
Non-172.16.0.0
server
172.16.4.13
R(config)# access-list 1 deny 172.16.4.13 0.0.0.0
R(config)# access-list 1 permit any
Denies traffic from a specific device, 172.16.4.13 & allows all other traffic thru e0 to
network 172.16.3.0.
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
Standard ACLs
172.16.3.0
172.16.4.0
e0
e1
s0
Non-172.16.0.0
server
172.16.4.13
Interface e0
access-list 1 deny 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
What does this do?

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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
Standard ACLs
172.16.3.0
172.16.4.0
e0
e1
s0
Non-172.16.0.0
server
172.16.4.13
Interface e0
access-list 1 deny 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
Denies traffic from the subnet, 172.16.4.0 & allows all other traffic thru e0 to
network 172.16.3.0.
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CCNA2 Routing
Extended ACLs
Module 11
Criteria:
checks both the packets source & destination addresses
check for specific protocol
check for specific port numbers
permit or denied applications pings, telnets, FTP, etc.
ACL values range between 100 199 (for IP)
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CCNA2 Routing
Extended ACLs
Port Numbers (decimal)
Module 11
IP Protocol
20
FTP data [TCP]
21
FTP program (control) [TCP]
23
Telnet [TCP]
25
Simple Mail Transport Protocol

[TCP] (SMTP)
53
DNS [TCP, UDP]
69
TFTP [UDP]
80
HTTP [TCP]
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
Extended ACLs
Router(config)# access-list <ACL number> { permit | deny } protocol source source-mask

destination destination-mask operator operand {established}
ACL number
100 199
permit | deny
Packet is allowed or blocked
protocol
IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP, GRE or IGRP
source -- Source address source-wildcard mask

destination -- Destination address destination-wildcard mask
Continued
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CCNA2 Routing
Extended ACLs
Module 11
Router(config)# access-list <ACL number> { permit | deny } protocol source source-mask

destination destination-mask operator
operand {established}
operator
lt, gt, eq, neq
Operand
Port number
established
Allows TCP traffic to pass if the packet uses an established connection ( for example, has
ACK bits set ).
access-list 101 permit tcp 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 25
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CCNA2 Routing
Extended ACLs
Module 11
Configuring an extended ACL to an interface:

Router(config-if)# ip access-group <ACL number> { in | out }
Router(config)# int E0
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
Extended ACLs
172.16.3.0
172.16.4.0
e0
e1
s0
Non-172.16.0.0
server
172.16.4.13
Interface e0
ip access-group 101
access-list 101 deny tcp 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255 eq 21
What does this do?

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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
Extended ACLs
172.16.3.0
172.16.4.0
e0
e1
s0
Non-172.16.0.0
server
172.16.4.13
Interface e0
ip access-group 101
Blocks FTP traffic from all hosts on 172.16.4.0 to any device on 172.16.3.0 & allows
all other traffic.
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
Extended ACLs
172.16.3.0
172.16.4.0
e0
e1
s0
Non-172.16.0.0
server
172.16.4.13
Interface e0
ip access-group 101
What does this do?

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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
Extended ACLs
172.16.3.0
172.16.4.0
e0
e1
s0
Non-172.16.0.0
server
172.16.4.13
Interface e0
ip access-group 101
Denies only telnet traffic from 172.16.4.0 to 172.16.3.0 network, and permits all
other traffic thru e0 to any address.
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CCNA2 Routing
Extended/Standard ACL numbers for IP
Module 11
NOTE:
Standard ACL numbers: 1-99;
1300-1999
Extended ACL numbers: 100-199;
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2000-2699
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CCNA2 Routing
Standard/Extended ACL
Module 11
You can not add ACL statements into the body of the access-list
(ONLY at the end of the list).
Otherwise the access list must be deleted first, and then rewritten.
Therefore it is prudent to write your access-list in text format using
notepad, and then transfer it to your router.
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CCNA2 Routing
Configuring Named ACLs
Module 11
NOTE:
A NAMED ACL is an alphanumeric string instead of the ACL
number (1 - 199 )
NAMED ACLs are not compatible with Cisco IOS release prior to
Release 11.2
Named ACLs can be used for either standard & extended
You cannot configure the same name for multiple ACLs.
use Name ACL when you want to intuitively identify ACLs
use Name ACL when you have more than 99 standard & 100
extended ACLs have been configured on a router for a given protocol
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CCNA2 Routing
Configuring Named ACLs
Module 11
Router(config)# ip access-list { standard | extended } name { deny | permit } { commands }
ip access-list standard internetfilter

deny 172.10.15.0 0.0.0.255
permit 128.88.0.0 0.0.255.255
permit 36.0.0.0 0.0.255.255
ip access-list extended marketing-group
permit tcp any 171.69.0.0 0.255.255.255 eq telnet
deny udp any 171.69.0.0 0.255.255.255 lt 1024
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CCNA2 Routing
Named ACL
Module 11
A named ACL will allow the deletion of statements, but will only allow
for the statements to be inserted a the end of the list.
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
More Details
access-list 1 permit 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

10101100.00010000.00000000.00000000
00000000.00000000.xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx
Matched value
Incoming packet with address of 172.18.4.2. Will it be permitted?

Source :
10101100.00010010.00000100.00000010
Wildcard mask: 00000000.00000000.xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx

10101100.00010010.xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx Result
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11

10101100.00010000.00000000.00000000
Match value

Source :
10101100.00010010.00000100.00000010

Does the result equal the match value?
No! Hence the incoming packet will not be permitted.
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11

10101100.00010000.00000000.00000000
Match value

Source :
10101100.00010000.00000100.00000010

Does the result equal the match value?
Yes! Hence the incoming packet will be permitted.
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11

10101100.00010000.00000000.00000000
00000000.00000000.xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxx0
Matched value

Source :
10101100.00010000.00000100.00000001
Wildcard mask: 00000000.00000000. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxx0

10101100.00010000.xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxx1 Result
Source :
10101100.00010000.00000100.00000100
Wildcard mask: 00000000.00000000. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxx0

10101100.00010000. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxx0 Result
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11

10101100.00010000.00000000.00000000
Matched value

Source :
10101100.00010000.00000100.00000101
Wildcard mask: 00000000.00000000.xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxx0

10101100.00010000.xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxx1 Result
So the access list perform what operation? Permits 172.16.4.4, and denies
172.16.4.1 and 172.16.4.5
Permits all even addresses from the network 172.16.0.0
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CCNA2 Routing
Permit/Deny BLOCKS of addresses
Module 11
One can permit or deny a block of addresses. However, the blocks must be
a power of 2! (Example, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, etc.)
When you need to specify a range of addresses, you choose the closet
block size for your needs.
You want to block access to part of network that is in the range from
198.16.99.0 through 198.16.99.7. This is a block size of 8. Hence:
198.16.99.0 0.0.0.7
Also in this case for a block of 8, the beginning address must either start at
0, 8, 16, etc.
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
One has a subnet whose addresses range from 200.17.2.128 to 200.17.2.191.

One wants to divide this network so the top half are permitted and the
bottom half is denied to any other network. What is the access lists?
The block range
is:
64
What is the access-list for the bottom?
access-list 101 deny ip 200.17.2.128 0.0.0.31 any

What is the access-list for the top?
access-list 101 permit ip 200.17.2.160 0.0.0.31 any
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CCNA2 Routing
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What does this do?

access-list 10 deny 200.16.88.64 0.0.0.63
Denies a block of 64 address starting at 200.16.88.64
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CCNA2 Routing
Virtual Terminal ACL
Module 11
You can control access via the VTY ports controlling telnet sessions
coming into the router.
You write the ACL as usual, but use access-class to apply it.
As an example:
Router(config t)# access-list 1 permit 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255
Router(config t)# line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)# login
Router(config-line)# password cisco
Router(config-line)# access-class 1 in
Note: only numbered access lists can be applied to VTY virtual lines!
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
Established option
The establish option in an access-list used only with TCP datagrams.

There are cases when you want to stop host B from initiating a
connection with a host A while permitting A to initiate connections with
B.
establish
MacintoshSE
MacintoshSE
response
establish
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CCNA2 Routing
Established option
Module 11
As a practical example:
172.16.3.0
e1
e0
INTERNET
172.16.4.0
172.16.3.13
Allow host 172.16.3.13 with Internet connection, but dont allow the
internet to initialize any sessions.
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CCNA2 Routing
Established option
Module 11
172.16.3.0
e1
e0
INTERNET
172.16.4.0
172.16.3.13
Router(config)# int e1
Router(config)# access-list 101 permit tcp any 172.16.3.0 0.0.255.255
established
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CCNA2 Routing
Established option
Module 11
172.16.3.0
e1
e0
INTERNET
172.16.4.0
172.16.3.13
Router(config)# access-list 101 permit tcp any host 172.16.3.13 eq www established
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CCNA2 Routing
Established option
Module 11
172.16.3.0
e1
e0
INTERNET
172.16.4.0
172.16.3.13
Note: established argument is limited to tcp which means UDP, ICMP and all
other IP protocols will not match, and will be denied, unless specifically
allowed. Hence
Router(config)# access-list 101 permit tcp any 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255 eq www established
Router(config)# access-list 101 permit icmp any any
Router(config)# access-list 101 permit udp any any eq 53
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CCNA2 Routing
Where to Place ACLs?
Module 11
ACL Rules:
Standard ACL
Place the ACL as near the destination as possible.
Extended ACL
Put the ACL as close as possible to the source
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CCNA2 Routing
Module 11
Access Lists
Standard
Extended
End of Session
04/27/15
Page 67

Access Control Lists (ACLs)

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Access Control Lists (ACLs)

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CCNA2 Routing

Perrine modified by Brierley

Perrine modified by Brierley

High Level View

A HIGH LEVEL VIEW of ACLs

Perrine modified by Brierley