Unit 5.

Key Concepts
The coordinate plane is separated into four quadrants,
or sections:

In Quadrant I,
x and y are positive.

In Quadrant II,
x is negative and y is positive.

In Quadrant III,
x and y are negative.

In Quadrant IV,
x is positive and y is negative.

Transformations on the Coordinate Plane

(3, 2)
III
Q (0, 1)
J (1, 4) & S (1, 0)
( 3, 2)

Transformations on the Coordinate Plane

Transformations are movements of

geometric figures.
The preimage is the position of the figure
before the transformation, and the image is the
position of the figure after the transformation.

Transformations on the Coordinate Plane

Transformations on the Coordinate Plane

Reflection: a figure is flipped over a line

Translation: a figure is slid in any direction
Dilation: a figure is enlarged or reduced
Rotation: a figure is turned around a point

Identify Transformations
Identify the transformation as a reflection, translation,
dilation, or rotation.

Answer: The figure has been increased in size.

This is a dilation.

Identify Transformations
Identify the transformation as a reflection, translation,
dilation, or rotation.

Answer: The figure has been shifted horizontally to the

right. This is a translation.

Identify Transformations
Identify the transformation as a reflection, translation,
dilation, or rotation.

Answer: The figure has been turned around a point.

This is a rotation.

Identify Transformations
Identify the transformation as a reflection, translation,
dilation, or rotation.

Answer: The figure has been flipped over a line.

This is a reflection.

Identify Transformations
Identify each transformation as a reflection, translation,
dilation, or rotation.
a.
b.
Answer: rotation

Answer: reflection

d.
c.
Answer: dilation

Answer: translation

Transformations on the Coordinate Plane

Reflection

through the x-axis: rx-axis(x, y) = (x, y) Multiply the ycoordinate by -1

through the y-axis: ry-axis(x, y) = (x, y) Multiply the xcoordinate by -1

through the line y = x: ry = x(x, y) = (y, x) flip the

coordinates

Reflection
A trapezoid has vertices W(1, 4), X(4, 4), Y(4, 1)
and Z(3, 1).
Trapezoid WXYZ is reflected over the y-axis. Find the
coordinates of the vertices of the image.

To reflect the figure over the y-axis, multiply each

x-coordinate by 1.

(x, y)
W(1, 4)
X(4, 4)
Y(4, 1)
Z(3, 1)

(x, y)
(1, 4)
(4, 4)
(4, 1)
(3, 1)

Answer: The coordinates of the

vertices of the image
are W(1, 4), X(4, 4),
Y(4, 1), and Z(3, 1).

Reflection
A trapezoid has vertices W(1, 4), X(4, 4), Y(4, 1),
and Z(3, 1).
Graph trapezoid WXYZ and its image W X Y Z.
Answer:
Graph each vertex of the
trapezoid WXYZ.
Connect the points.
Graph each vertex of the
reflected image W X Y Z.
Connect the points.

Reflection
A parallelogram has vertices A(4, 7), B(2, 7), C(0, 4)
and D(2, 4).
a. Parallelogram ABCD is reflected over the x-axis.
Find the coordinates of the vertices of the image.
Answer: A(4, 7), B(2, 7), C(0, 4), D(2, 4)

Reflection
b. Graph parallelogram ABCD and its image A B C D.

Answer:

Transformations on the Coordinate Plane

Translation
Triangle ABC has vertices A(2, 1), B(2, 4), and C(1, 1).
Find the coordinates of the vertices of the image if it is
translated 3 units to the right and 5 units down.
To translate the triangle 3 units to the right, add 3 to the
x-coordinate of each vertex. To translate the triangle 5
units down, add 5 to the y-coordinate of each vertex.

Answer: The coordinates of the vertices of the image are

A(1, 4), B(5, 1), and C(4, 4).

Translation
Graph triangle ABC and its image.
Answer:
The preimage is
The translated image
is

.
A

Translation
Triangle JKL has vertices J(2, 3), K(4, 0), and L(6, 3).
a. Find the coordinates of the vertices of the image if it is
translated 5 units to the left and 2 units up.
Answer: J(3, 1), K(1, 2), L(1, 1)
b. Graph triangle JKL
and its image.
Answer:

Transformations on the Coordinate Plane

Rotation:

90 rotation about the origin: R90(x, y) = (y, x)

180 rotation about the origin: R180(x, y) = (x, y)
270 rotation about the origin: R270(x, y) = (y, x)

Rotation
Triangle ABC has vertices A(1, 3), B(3, 1),
and C(5, 2).
Find the coordinates of the image of ABC after it is
rotated 180 about the origin.
To find the coordinates of the image of ABC after a 180
rotation, multiply both coordinates of each point by 1.

Answer: The coordinates of the vertices of the image are

A(1, 3), B(3, 1), and C(5, 2).

Rotation
Graph the preimage and its image.
Answer:
The preimage is
The translated image
is

B
B
A

Rotation
Triangle RST has vertices R(4, 0), S(2, 3), and T(6, 3).
a. Find the coordinates of the image of RST after it is
rotated 90 counterclockwise about the origin.
Answer: R(0, 4), S(3, 2), T (3, 6)
b. Graph the preimage
and the image.
Answer:

Guided Practice
Example 1
How far and in what direction does the point P (x, y) move
when translated by the function T24, 10?

26
5.2.1: Defining Rotations, Reflections, and Translations

Guided Practice: Example 1, continued

1.Each point translated by T24,10 will be moved
right 24 units, parallel to the
x-axis.

27
5.2.1: Defining Rotations, Reflections, and Translations

Guided Practice: Example 1, continued

2.The point will then be moved up 10 units,
parallel to the y-axis.

28
5.2.1: Defining Rotations, Reflections, and Translations

Guided Practice: Example 1, continued

Therefore, T24,10(P) = P= (x + 24, y + 10).

29
5.2.1: Defining Rotations, Reflections, and Translations

Guided Practice
Example 2
Using the definitions described earlier, write the
translation T5, 3 of the rotation R180 in terms of a
function F on (x, y).

30
5.2.1: Defining Rotations, Reflections, and Translations

Guided Practice: Example 2, continued

1.Write the problem symbolically.
F = T5, 3(R180(x, y))

31
5.2.1: Defining Rotations, Reflections, and Translations

Guided Practice: Example 2, continued

2.Start from the inside and work outward.
R180(x, y) = (x, y)

Therefore, T5, 3(R180(x, y)) = T5, 3(x, y).

32
5.2.1: Defining Rotations, Reflections, and Translations

Guided Practice: Example 2, continued

3.Now translate the point.
T5, 3(x, y) = (x + 5, y + 3)

33
5.2.1: Defining Rotations, Reflections, and Translations

Guided Practice: Example 2, continued

4.Write the result of both translations.
F = T5, 3(R180(x, y)) = (x + 5, y + 3)

34
5.2.1: Defining Rotations, Reflections, and Translations

Guided Practice
Example 2
Use the definitions you have learned to graph the
reflection of parallelogram ABCD, or
, through
the y-axis given
with the points A (5, 5),
B (3, 4), C (4, 1), and D (6, 2).

35
5.2.2: Applying Rotations, Reflections, and Translations

Guided Practice: Example 2, continued

1.Using graph paper, draw the x- and y-axes
and graph
with A (5, 5), B (3, 4), C
(4, 1), and D (6, 2).

36
5.2.2: Applying Rotations, Reflections, and Translations

Guided Practice: Example 2, continued

2.Write the new points.
where
A ry-axis A ry-axis 5, 5 5 , 5 5, 5

B ry-axis B ry-axis 3, 4 3 , 4 3, 4

C ry-axis C ry-axis 4,1 4 ,1 4,1

D ry-axis D ry-axis 6, 2 6 , 2 6, 2
37

5.2.2: Applying Rotations, Reflections, and Translations

Guided Practice: Example 2, continued

3.Plot the new points A, B, C
, and D.

38
5.2.2: Applying Rotations, Reflections, and Translations

Guided Practice: Example 2, continued

4.Connect the corners of the points to graph
the reflection
of ry-axis
.

39
5.2.2: Applying Rotations, Reflections, and Translations

Guided Practice
Example 3
Using the definitions you have learned, graph a 90
rotation of
with the points A (1, 4), B (6, 3),
and C (3, 1).

40
5.2.2: Applying Rotations, Reflections, and Translations

Guided Practice: Example 3, continued

Using graph paper, draw the x- and y-axes
and graph
with the points A (1, 4), B
(6, 3), and C (3, 1).

41
5.2.2: Applying Rotations, Reflections, and Translations

Guided Practice: Example 3, continued

2.Write the new points.
where

A R90 (A) R90 1, 4 4,1

B R90 (B) R90 6, 3 3, 6

C R90 (C) R90 3,1 1, 3

42
5.2.2: Applying Rotations, Reflections, and Translations

Guided Practice: Example 3, continued

3.Plot the new points A, B, and C.

43
5.2.2: Applying Rotations, Reflections, and Translations

Guided Practice: Example 3, continued

4.Connect the vertices to graph a 90
rotation of
.

44
5.2.2: Applying Rotations, Reflections, and Translations