Industrial

Communication

Introduction
Communications networks are the backbone of modern
automation solutions.
Network consists of two or more equipments
(computers, PLCs, ) that are linked in order to
share resources (such as printers, CD-ROMs,
datas, ), exchange files, or allow electronic
communications. The computers on a network
may be linked through cables, telephone lines,
radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.

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Transmissio
n Signal

Analo
g

Digit
al

Transmission
Transmission Types
Types

 For reasons of cost and durability, most

communication networks use half duplex
asynchronous serial digital transmission.

Most commonly used

media
The MEDIA establish the transmission
quality:
Speed
distance
electromagnetic immunity
Most commonly used media:

Pair of twisted wires

Coaxial cable
Optical fiber

Communication
requirements
Industrial networks must meet special
requirements over and above those of
normal networks AS we will see in this
video

Terms
Terms and
and explanations
explanations
Protocol:
Protocols are rules and procedures for
communication.
Application Protocols
Transport Protocols
Network Protocols

Protocols can also specify control

mechanisms as well as hardware and
software requirements.

Client/Server Architecture
The SERVER is the entity which responds
to a request from a client
The CLIENT is an entity requesting a
service on the network

Traffic Data:
Acyclic data: Data that is refreshed
according to a request or to an event. This is
used at start-up for configuration and setup,
or for diagnostics in the event of a fault. A lot
of information without time constraints.
Cyclical data :Data that is refreshed
periodically according to a pre-determined
time. This is process data. A small amount of
information refreshed frequently.

ISO/OSI reference model

the International Standardization
Organization

The
Thevarious
varioustopologies
topologies
Bus:

Bus consists of a single linear cable called a trunk.

Data is sent to all computers on the trunk.
Each computer examines EVERY packet on the wire
to determine who the packet is for and accepts only
messages addressed to them.

STAR :
are connected by cable segments
to a centralized

Computers

Signal travels through the hub to all other

computers

 RING

Computers are connected on a single circle of cable

Each computer acts as a repeater and keeps the signal
strong
no need for repeaters on a ring topology
If the hub or concentrator fails, nodes attached are
disabled.
More expensive than linear bus topologies because of
the cost of the concentrators

TREE/MESH
Consists of groups of star-configured workstations
connected to a linear bus backbone cable
Supported by several hardware and software
venders.

Serial Interface Standards

Many devices used in industrial applications
use EIA standards RS-232, RS-422, or RS485 to connect to computers and to one
another.
RS-485

RS-422

RS-232

Half duplex

Full duplex

Point-to-point
link

Transmission
Type

32

10

Maximum
number of
receivers

1200

1200

15.2

Maximum
cable length
meters

10 Mb/s

10 Mb/s

20 kb/s

Maximum data

The main medium access

methods
MASTER SLAVE
The MASTER is the entity which
grants access to the medium.
The SLAVE is the entity which
accesses the medium after
requesting it from the master

 TOKEN RING
The TOKEN is a group of bits that is
passed in a rotating address
sequence from one node to another.
The members of a logical RING gain
access to the network upon receipt of
a token

 RANDOM ACCESS
A set of rules determining how
network devices respond when two
devices attempt to use the medium
simultaneously (called a
collision).CSMA/CD is a type of
contention protocol: competition for
resources Address

Methods
Physical layer of
communications
Round unshielded
cable ,Round
Medium
shielded cable

ASi
100m
Max. distance without repeater
Is, support for analogMax.
products,
Asia
300m
distance with repeater
166kpbs
in order to define aSpeed
"low-cost"
ASiV1: 1 master + 31 slaves
Max. number of devices
interface
for
connecting sensors and
ASiV2:
1 master + 62
slave
actuators.
ISO/ISO

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Physical layer

CANopen
Medium
Acc.
toused
speed:25m
tomeet
1 Mbps &1km
Max. distance without
repeater
Is
to
a
requirement
in
the
to 10 Kbps
automotive
industry.
CANwith
only
Depends
on the type of repeater
Max. distance
repeater
possible
speeds from
10 Kbps
to 9 ofSpeed
defines
one
part
layers
1
and
2
of
1 Mbps
theandISO
model.
1 master
127 slaves
Max. number of devices
ISO/OSI
Shielded twisted pair

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Physical layer
Double shielded twisted pairs

Medium

DeviceNet
Max. distance without repeater
Used
to
:
promote
and
provide
Depends on the type of repeater
Max. distance with repeater
the DeviceNet
125,technical
250 or 500 Kbpssupport for
Speed
1 master
and63 slaves
Max. number of devices
specification
the ISO model
Acc. to speed:100m to
500Kbps500m to 125Kbps

Physical layer
Double shielded twisted pairs

Medium

Ethernet
Max. distance without repeater
the ISO model Max. distance with repeater
Depends on the type of repeater
Acc. to speed:100m to
500Kbps500m to 125Kbps
125, 250 or 500 Kbps

Speed

1 master and63 slaves

Max. number of devices

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Physical layer
Shielded twisted pair Optical fibre

Medium

Max. distance without repeater

Profibus
PROFIBUS
managed
a user
group
400
to 4800m acc. to is
speed
Max. by
distance
with repeater
9.6 Kbps
to 1 Mbps
Speed
which
includes manufacturers,
users
Mono orMulti-masters126 devices
Max. number of devices
max and researchers.
ISO MODEL
Acc. to speed:100m to
12Mbps1.2km to 10Kbps

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