1

Introduction to Information Systems

Essentials for the Internetworked E-Business Enterprise

Eleventh Edition

James A. OBrien

Chapter

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4
Computer
Software

Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rig

James A. OBrien

Introduction to Information Systems

Eleventh Edition

Chapter Objectives
Describe several important trends occurring in
computer software.
Give examples of several major types of
application and system software.
Explain the purpose of several popular software
packages for end user productivity and
collaborative computing.
Outline the functions of an operating system.
Describe the main uses of high-level, fourthgeneration, object-oriented, and Web-oriented
programming languages and tools.

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Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rig

James A. OBrien

Eleventh Edition

Introduction to Information Systems

Categories of Computer Software

Computer
Computer
Software
Software

System
System
Software
Software

Application
Application
Software
Software

GeneralGeneralPurpose
Purpose
Programs
Programs

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ApplicationApplicationSpecific
Specific
Programs
Programs

System
System
Management
Management
Programs
Programs

System
System
Development
Development
Programs
Programs

Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rig

James A. OBrien

Introduction to Information Systems

Eleventh Edition

Trends in Computer Software

First
Second
Third
Fourth
Generation Generation Generation Generation

Fifth
Generation

Trend: Toward Easy-to-Use Multipurpose Network-Enabled Application

Packages for Productivity and Collaboration

User-Written
Programs
Machine
Languages

Packaged
Programs
Symbolic
Languages

Operating
Systems
High-Level
Languages

DBMS
Fourth-Generation
Languages
Microcomputer
Packages

Natural &
Object-Oriented
Languages
Multipurpose
Graphic- Interface
Network-Enabled
Expert-Assisted
Packages

Trend: Toward Visual or Conversational Programming Languages and

Tools

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James A. OBrien

Introduction to Information Systems

Eleventh Edition

Common General- Purpose Applications

Electronic Mail
Word Processing
Presentation Graphics
Multimedia
Personal Information Manager
Groupware

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James A. OBrien

Introduction to Information Systems

Eleventh Edition

Web Browsers
Discussion
Groups

Surf the Net

Launch
Information
Searches

Typical uses of a Web

Browser in Internet,
Intranet, and Extranet
Environments

Multimedia
File
Transfer

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E-Mail

Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rig

James A. OBrien

Eleventh Edition

Introduction to Information Systems

Database Management Packages

Database
Development

Database
Interrogation
Primary Tasks of
Database Management
Packages

Database
Maintenance

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Application
Development

Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rig

Eleventh Edition

Introduction to Information Systems

James A. OBrien

Multimedia Technologies
Video
VideoCapture
Capture
Card
Card

Authoring
Authoring
Language
Language

Storyboard
Storyboard

Sound
SoundBoard
Board

Key
Technologies
of
Multimedia

MIDI
MIDI
Interactive
Interactive
Video
Video

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Digital
DigitalVideo
Video
Interactive
Interactive

Compact
CompactDisk
Disk
Interactive
Interactive
Compressed
Compressed
Audio
Audio
Computer
Computer
Edit
EditSystem
System
Digital
DigitalAudio
Audio

Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rig

Eleventh Edition

Introduction to Information Systems

James A. OBrien

Business Enterprise Application Software

Accounting and
Financial
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management

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Human
Resource
Management

Supply
Chain
Management

Business
Decision
Support
Enterprise
Resource
Planning

Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rig

James A. OBrien

Introduction to Information Systems

Eleventh Edition

10

Functions of an Operating System

User
Interface

Resource
Management

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Task
Management

File
Management

Utilities
and Other
Functions

Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rig

James A. OBrien

Introduction to Information Systems

Eleventh Edition

11

Categories of Programming Languages

Machine Languages High Level Languages Markup Languages
Use binary coded
Use brief statements
Use embedded
instructions
control codes
1001 1001
<H1>First heading</H>
Compute X = Y + Z
<!ELEMENT Product
1100 1101
(#Item | manuf)>

Assembler Languages Fourth Generation

Object-Oriented
Use symbolic coded Languages
Languages
Use natural statements Define objects that
instructions
LOD Y
ADD Z

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SUM THE FOLLOWING

NUMBERS

contain data and actions

Document.write
(Hi There)

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James A. OBrien

Introduction to Information Systems

Eleventh Edition

12

Programming Language Translation

IF A := B
THEN

Compiler
Interpreter
Assembler
Language
Translator
Program

1001101
1110101
0010110

Source
Program
Written in
BASIC,
COBOL,
etc.

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Language
Translation
Process

Machine
Language
Object
Program

Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rig

James A. OBrien

Introduction to Information Systems

Eleventh Edition

13

Chapter Summary
Computer software consists of two major types
of programs: application software that directs
the performance of a particular end user task,
and system software that controls and
supports the operations of a computer system.
Application software includes a variety of
programs that can be segregated into generalpurpose and application-specific categories.

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Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rig

James A. OBrien

Introduction to Information Systems

Eleventh Edition

14

Chapter Summary (cont)

System software can be subdivided into
system management programs and system
development programs. The former is used to
manage hardware, software, networks, and
data resources. The latter is used by IS
specialists to develop computer programs.
An operating system is an integrated system of
programs that supervises the operations of the
CPU.

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Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rig

James A. OBrien

Introduction to Information Systems

Eleventh Edition

15

Chapter Summary (cont)

There are 5 major levels of programming
languages. Language translator programs
convert programming language instructions
into machine language instructions.

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Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rig