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Database Management

System
Sagar rao

Introduction
Database Management System (DBMS)

Collection of interrelated data


Set of programs to access the data
DBMS contains information about a particular
enterprise
DBMS provides an environment that is both
convenient and efficient to use.
Databases touch all aspects of our lives

Database Applications
Banking: all transactions
Airlines: reservations, schedules
Universities: registration, grades
Sales: customers, products, purchases
Manufacturing: production, inventory,
orders, supply chain
Human resources: employee records,
salaries, tax deductions

Purpose of Database System..


In the early days, database applications were built
on top of file systems
Drawbacks of using file systems to store data:

Data redundancy and inconsistenc


Multiple file formats, duplication of
information in different files

Purpose of Database System..


Difficulty in accessing data
Need to write a new program to carry out
each new task
Data isolation multiple files and formats
Integrity problems
Integrity constraints (e.g. account balance >
0) become part of program code
Hard to add new constraints or change
existing ones

Purpose of Database System..

Drawbacks of using file systems (cont.)


Atomicity of updates
Failures may leave database in an inconsistent state
with partial updates carried out
E.g. transfer of funds from one account to another
should either complete or not happen at all

Purpose of Database System


Concurrent access by multiple users
Concurrent accessed needed for performance
Uncontrolled concurrent accesses can lead to
inconsistencies
E.g. two people reading a balance and updating
it at the same time
Security problems
Database systems offer solutions to all the
above problems

Course Content
SECTION A:
Introduction, Client Server Arch., E-R Diagram and
Keys
Overview of database Management System; Various views
of data, data Models, Introduction to Database Languages.
Advantages of DBMS over file processing systems,
Responsibility of Database Administrator,I ntroduction to
Client/Server architecture, Three levels architecture of
Database Systems, ER Diagram (Entity Relationship),
mapping Constraints, Keys, Reduction of E-R diagram into
tables.

Section-B
File Organization and Relational Model and
Calculus:
Sequential Files, index sequential files, direct files,
Hashing, B-trees Index files.
Relational Model, Relational Algebra & various
operations, Relational and Tuple calculus.

Section-C
Introduction to Query Languages :
QLB , QBE, Structured query language with special
reference of (SQL of ORACLE),integrity constraints,
functional dependencies & NORMALISATION (up
to 4th Normalforms), BCNF (Boyce code normal
forms)

Section-D

Introduction to Distributed Data processing, parallel


Databases, data mining & data warehousing, network
model & hierarchical model, Introduction to
transaction, properties of transaction and life cycle of
transaction, Introduction to Concurrency control and
Recovery systems., need of concurrency control and
recovery system, problems in concurrenttransactions.

Text Books: Database System Concepts by A.


Silberschatz, H.F. Korth and S. Sudarshan, 3rdedition,
1997, McGraw-Hill, International Edition.
Introduction to Database Management system by
Bipin Desai, 1991, Galgotia Pub.
Reference Books:
Fundamentals of Database Systems by R. Elmasri
and S.B. Navathe, 3rd edition, 2000,
Addision-Wesley, Low Priced Edition.

Assignment-1
Why we studying Database Management
System, Write its application and use of
Database Management System.

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