Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BUSINESS LAW
TOPIC 5 : LAW OF
AGENCY
BY: PUAN MAZLINA MAHALI
INTRODUCTION
The relevant legislation is Contracts Act 1950 (Part X).
The concept of agency - sometimes it is not possible for a
CREATION OF AGENCY
An agency contract is similar to the ordinary
EXPRESS APPOINTMENT
IMPLIED APPOINTMENT
The law will infer an agency relationship existed by implication under
AGENCY BY RATIFICATION
Agency by ratification will arise because the agent has done
AGENCY BY NECESSITY
Section 142 provides that during emergency an agent has authority
to do all such acts for the purpose of protecting the Principal from
loss. This act must be reasonable and not to get any profit.
Before any agency of necessity can be created, the following
conditions must be fulfilled:
a. Section 142 - it is impossible to get instruction from principal;
CASE: SPRINGER V GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY CO
Facts: Tomatoes shipped by ship from New Jersey to Covent
Garden. Bad weather and tomatoes were bad. Agent did not
communicate with principal before selling the tomatoes locally.
Held: No agency by necessity arises since the agent failed to
communicate with the principal even though they could have done
so.
AGENCY BY ESTOPPEL
Generally a person is not bound by a contract made without his
authority.
However if the principal holds out to another third party by words
or conduct and as a result the third party believes that the person
is an agent of the principal; the principal will be estopped from
denying that the agent has no authority to act on his behalf.
Section 190 provides that the doctrine of estoppel or holding out
is also known as apparent or ostensible authority.
For example if A tells C in front of B that he is B's agent and B did
not deny that statement. B, later, cannot deny that A is his agent if
C sells goods to A, believing A to be B's agent. The contract is
binding on B as principal of A.
DUTIES OF AGENT
When the contract of agency is silent on the terms, the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
o
o
o
o
I.
J.
DUTIES OF PRINCIPAL
The duties of a principal to his agent are
AGENT'S AUTHORITY
A contract entered into by agent will bind
ACTUAL AUTHORITY
To
OSTENSIBLE AUTHORITY
When the principal represent to another person
NAMED PRINCIPAL
Section 183 - the agent incurs no right
or liability under the contract. He is not
a party to the contract.
Section 179 -the principal alone can
be sue or be sued by the third party
provided the agent act within his
authority in making the contract.
DISCLOSED PRINCIPAL
Section 183(b) - Agent incurs liability
when the agent did not disclose the
name of the principal.
Section 186 - where the agent is
personally liable, a person dealing
with him may hold either him or his
principal, or both of them liable.
UNDISCLOSED PRINCIPAL
This
TERMINATION OF AGENCY
Section 154 - 163 deals with the
BY OPERATION OF LAW
Section
END OF TOPIC 5
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