Professional Documents
Culture Documents
History
1. Landsteiners discovered the ABO Blood Group
System in 1901
2. He and five co-workers began mixing each
others red blood cells and serum together and
accidentally performed the ABO groupings.
3. Main Phenotypes (A, B, AB, O)
ABO gene located on long arm of chromosome
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Allele from
the father
Genotype of
offspring
Blood types of
offspring
AA
AB
AB
AO
AB
AB
BB
BO
OO
O
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http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/blood/types.cfm
Blood Transfusions
A blood transfusion is a procedure in which blood is
given to a patient through an intravenous (IV) line in one
of the blood vessels. Blood transfusions are done to
replace blood lost during surgery or a serious injury. A
transfusion also may be done if a persons body can't make
blood properly because of an illness.
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Population
Rh(D) pos
Rh(D) neg
Caucasian
86%
14%
AfricanAmerican
95%
5%
Oriental
>99%
<1%
Significance of Rh(D)
80% of Rh(D) neg persons exposed to Rh(D)
pos blood will develop anti-D
Anti-D can also be stimulated by pregnancy with
an Rh(D) positive baby
Sensitisation can be prevented by the use of anti-D
immunoglobulin, antenatally and post natally
Group A
Father
AO
Group B
Rh(D) pos Dd
BO
Rh(D) pos Dd
Group A AO
Group B BO
Group O OO
Rh(D) pos Dd
Rh(D) pos Dd
Rh(D) neg dd
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ABO antibodies
Anti-A1
Group O and B individuals contain anti-A
in their serum
However, the anti-A can be separated into
different components: anti-A and anti-A1
Anti-A1 only agglutinates the A1 antigen,
not the A2 antigen
There is no anti-A2.
Anti-A,B
Found in the serum of group O individuals
Reacts with A, B, and AB cells
Predominately IgG, with small portions
being IgM
Anti-A,B is one antibody, it is not a mixture
of anti-A and anti-B antibodies
ABO antibodies
IgM is the predominant antibody in Group
A and Group B individuals
Anti-A
Anti-B
ABO Antibodies
Usually present within the first 3-6 months
of life
Stable by ages 5-6 years
Decline in older age
Newborns may passively acquire maternal
antibodies (IgG crosses placenta)
Laboratory Testing:
ABO typing
Antigen
Present
Antigen
Missing
Antibody
Present
anti-B
anti-A
None
A and B
anti-A, anti-B,
anti-A,B
AB
A and B
None
None
Laboratory Determination of
the ABO System
http://www.bh.rmit.edu.au/mls/subjects/abo/resources/genetics1.htm
References
Aldahr MHS. ABO Blood Group. Faculty of Applied
Medical Sciences Blood Bank Medical Tecnology.
download 2011
Giacobbe. ABO & Rh(D) Blood Groups. Anatomy &
Physiology. Unit 9 Circulatory System.download 2011
Musani MI. Blood groups and Rhesus factor. Download
2011
Trimpe T. Blood Basics. Forensic Science.2006
Wilkins RN. ABO Blood Group System. University of
Mississippi Medical Center. Download 2011.