Environmental Mgmt.

Project
NAME : GEET H.SAHANI
PROJECT NO. : 48
ROLL NO.: 116
GIS (Geographic Information System) 1
 GIS (Global Information System)
GIS (Geographic Information System)

GIS (Geographic Information System) 2

GIS (Geographic Information System) 3
 What is GIS ?

• GIS stands for ‘geographic information

System’. GIS has been developed in recent
years for the purpose of using and studying
geographic information. It integrates
hardware, software, and data for capturing,
managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms
of geographically referenced information.

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 HISTORY
• The year 1962 saw the development of the
world's first true operational GIS in Ottawa,
Ontario, Canada by the federal Department of
Forestry and Rural Development. Developed
by Dr. Roger Tomlinson

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 How do we create a GIS ?
• Essentially, geographic information states what is
where. So to create geographic information, we
have to record these two elements somehow. They
can be captured through many different types of
observations, measurements and surveys. Data
can be sourced from aerial photography, satellite
images, field samples, land surveying, population
censuses, global positioning systems (GPS) and
government administrative records among others.

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A GIS Creation

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 Types of GIS ?
• There are mainly 3 types of GIS Systems :
• The Database View: A GIS is a unique kind of database of the world—a geographic
database (geodatabase). It is an "Information System for Geography.“ GIS is based
on a structured database that describes the world in geographic terms

• The Map View: A GIS is a set of intelligent maps and other views that show
features and feature relationships on the earth's surface. Maps of the underlying
geographic information can be constructed and used as "windows into the
database" to support queries, analysis, and editing of the information.

• The Model View: A GIS is a set of information transformation tools that derive new
geographic datasets from existing datasets. These geoprocessing functions take
information from existing datasets, apply analytic functions, and write results into
new derived datasets.

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 Essential Elements Of a GIS?

Any system that is capable of working with geographic information must, therefore, also be able to:

1.Create a space in the which locations of features can be plotted

2.Plot and store information that describes the shapes of the features in the location space
3.Store information that describes what the shapes represent

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 Functions Of a GIS?
• Mapping and cartography: Visualize features and manipulate symbology and colours to
create an output map with title, scale bar, north arrow etc.

• Query: Ask questions of feature attributes such as: where is…? What’s the nearest…? What
intersects with…?

• Select: Identify features and their attributes that meet some criteria.

• Distance: Calculates the distance between features.

• Buffers: Rings drawn around features at a specified distance from the features.

• Overlay: The display of multiple layers of information at one location.

• Clip: Cuts an input layer to the size and extent of a selected layer.

• 3D: Data can be viewed with ‘height’ in 3-dimensions for powerful visualization.
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 Where is GIS used ?
Industry Uses
• Forestry Inventory and management of resources.
• Police Crime mapping to target resources.
• Transport Monitoring route.
• Utilities Managing pipe networks.
• Oil Monitoring ships.
• Health Planning services and health impact.
• Military Troop movement.
• Agriculture Analyzing crop yield.
• Insurance Identifying risk : eg:risk of flooding .

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Thus, GIS (Geographic
Information System) is a very
important technology for the
new generation. It has a long
list of constructive uses as
shown before.

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We Can Save The Environment,It Just Need’s To Be Managed”

THANKYOU

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