OBJECTIVES

To study about centrifugal

pump.
To know how to operate and run
centrifugal pump.
To determine the use of
centrifugal pump in industry.

SUMMARY

Centrifugal pumps, are basically a pump but its a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric
work-absorbing turbomachinery. Centrifugal pumps are used widely to transport
liquids/fluids by the conversion of the rotational kinetic energy to the hydro dynamics
energy of the liquid flow. The rotational energy typically comes from an engine or
electric motor or turbine. In the typical simple case, the fluid enters the pump
impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing
radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber (casing), from where it exits.
Like most pumps, a centrifugal pump converts mechanical energy from a motor to
energy of a moving fluid. A portion of the energy goes into kinetic energy of the fluid
motion, and some into potential energy, represented by fluid pressure (Hydraulic
head) or by lifting the fluid, against gravity, to a higher altitude.

The transfer of energy from the mechanical rotation of the impeller to the motion
and pressure of the fluid is usually described in terms of centrifugal force, especially
in older sources written before the modern concept of centrifugal force as a fictitious
force in a rotating reference frame was well articulated. The concept of centrifugal
force is not actually required to describe the action of the centrifugal pump.

Vertical centrifugal pumps are also referred to as cantilever pumps. They utilize a
unique shaft and bearing support configuration that allows the volute to hang in the
sump while the bearings are outside of the sump. This style of pump uses no stuffing
box to seal the shaft but instead utilizes a "throttle Bushing". A common application
for this style of pump is in a parts washer
Multistage Centrifugal Pump is a
centrifugal pump containing two or more impellers is called a multistage centrifugal
pump. The impellers may be mounted on the same shaft or on different shafts. For

INTRODUCTION TO CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

Basically, centrifugal pumps is a Hydraulic Machines which converts the Mechanical energy into Hydraulic
energy are called Pumps. The Hydraulic energy is in the form of Pressure energy. If the mechanical energy is
converted into Pressure energy by means of centrifugal force acting on the Fluid, the Hydraulic machines is
called Centrifugal Pumps.
The centrifugal fan with consists of a blower driven by FHP Motor with a series of curved redial vanes. Air is
drown in near the hub, called the blower eye, and is whirled round at high speed by the vanes on the blower
as the blower rotates at high rotational speed. The static pressure of the air increases from the eye of the
blower to the tip of the blower in order to provide the centrifugal force on the air. As the air leaves the blower
tip it is passed through diffuser passage which converted most of the kinetic energy of the air into an increase
in enthalpy and hence the pressure of the air is further increased.
The blower may be double sided, having an eye either side of the unit, so that air is drown in both side.
The advantages of this type is that the blower is subjected to approximately equal forces in an axial direction.
In practice nearly half the total practice is achieved in blower and the remaining half the diffuser. A pressure
ratio of around 4: 1 can be achieved with the centrifugal fan.
The Centrifugal pump acts as a reversed of an inward radial flow reaction turbine. This means that the flow in
centrifugal pumps is in the radial outward directions. The centrifugal pump works on the principle of forced
vortex flow which means that when a certain mass of liquid is rotated by an external torque, the rise in
pressure head of the rotating liquid takes place. The rise in pressure head at any point of the rotating liquid is
proportional to the square of tangential velocity of the liquid at that point. Thus at the outlet of the impeller,
whose radius is more, the rise in pressure head will be more and the liquid will be discharged at the outlet
with a high pressure head. Due to this high pressure head, the liquid can be lifted to a high level.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Operation of centrifugal pump.
A pump is a device used to move fluids, such as fluids or slurries. Centrifugal pump is a device for moving
liquids and gases. The two major parts of the device are the impeller (a wheel with vanes) and the circular
pump casing around it. In the most common type, called the volute centrifugal pump, fluid enters the pump at
high speed near the centre of the rotating impeller and is thrown against the casing by the vanes. The
centrifugal pressure forces the fluid through an opening in the casing. This outlet widens progressively in a
spiral fashion, which reduces the speed of the fluid and thereby increases pressure. Centrifugal pumps produce
a continuous flow of fluid.
A centrifugal pump works by converting kinetic energy into potential energy measurable as static fluid pressure
at the outlet of the pump. This action is described by Bernoulli's principle.
With the mechanical action of an electric motor or similar, the rotation of the pump impeller imparts kinetic
energy to the fluid through centrifugal force. The fluid is drawn from the inlet piping into the impeller intake
eye and is accelerated outwards through the impeller vanes to the volute and outlet piping.
As the fluid exits the impeller, if the outlet piping is too high to allow flow, the fluid kinetic energy is converted
into static pressure. If the outlet piping is open at a lower level, the fluid will be released at greater speed.
The typical application areas for Centrifugal pump are: Sump emptying, Industrial effluent treatment, Feeding
oily water separators, Transfer of 'live' fish, Oil and Chemical spillages, Mine Drainage, Parts washer equipment,
Processing of waste oils & sludge, Transfer of fruit and vegetables and Municipal wastewater treatment plants.

APPLICATION IN INDUSTRY.

Energy and Oil - refineries, power plants

Building Services - pressure boosting, heating installations, fire

protection sprinkler systems, drainage, air conditioning

Industry and Water engineering - boiler feed applications, water

supply (municipal, industrial), wastewater management, irrigation,
sprinkling, drainage and flood protection

The Chemical and Process Industries - paints, chemicals,

hydrocarbons, pharmaceuticals, cellulose, petro-chemicals, sugar
refining, food and beverage production

Secondary systems - coolant recirculation, condensate transport,

cryogenics, refrigerants

ADVANTAGES
There are no drive seals, therefore the risk ofleaksis completely eradicated. This
means that hazardous liquids can be pumped without spillages.

Noheattransfer from the motorthepumpchamber is separated from the motor

by an air gap; this provides athermal barrier.

Complete separation of theliquidmeans that liquid cannot seep into the motor from
the pump.

Reducedfriction.

Magneticcoupling can be brokenif the load of the pump is too great. By the
magnetic coupling 'breaking', it means the pump does not overload and get
damaged.

Eliminating the drive seals gets rid of leaks, friction loss, wear and noise. It provides
complete separation of fluid from the pump drive, and nearly 100% transfer
ofmotorpower into pumping power.

DISADVANTAGES
Liquids containing ferrous particles
are problematic when a magnetic
drive pump is used. This is due to the
particles collecting on the impeller
magnet, and over time causing the
pump to stop working.
Very viscous liquids cannot be
handled efficiently.
Is not usually self priming .

ENERGY USAGE.
The energy usage in a pumping installation is
determined by the flow required, the height lifted and
the length andfriction characteristicsof the pipeline.
The power required to drive a pump
( ), is defined simply using SI units by:
where:
is the input power required (W)
is the fluid density (kg/m3)
is the standard acceleration of gravity (9.80665 m/s 2)
is the energy Head added to the flow (m)
is the flow rate (m3/s)
is the efficiency of the pump plant as a decimal

DISCUSSION
Based on the case study that we had done, the objective is to study about centrifugal
pump. About how centrifugal pump work. Centrifugal pump also relates with
Bernoullis theorem ( depends on the experiment that one operate ) Furthermore, we
also know how to operate the centrifugal pump. Apart from that, we also can know
the history about centrifugal pump. According to Reti, the first machine that could be
characterized as a centrifugal pump was a mud lifting machine which appeared as
early as 1475. There are various type on centrifugal pump such as Vertical centrifugal
pumps, Froth pumps, Multistage centrifugal pumps. We also managed to know the
problem or disadvantages of centrifugal pumps. Overheating due to low flow and
leakage along rotating shaft are some of the problems. The impeller of such a pump is
magnetically coupled with the motor, across a separation wall which is resistant to the
fluid pumped. The principle of operation is motor drives a rotor carrying one or several
pairs of permanent magnets, and these drag around a second pair(s) of permanent
magnets attached to the pump impeller. And by doing this case study we know the
applications of centrifugal pump in industry. Overall, centrifugal pump brings many
benefits for the industry and for us all in our daily life.

CONCLUSION
Centrifugal pumps, are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric workabsorbingturbo machinery.Centrifugal pumps are used to transport
liquids/fluids by the conversion of the rotational kinetic energy to the
hydro dynamics energy of the liquid flow. The rotational energy typically
comes from an engine or electric motor or turbine. In the typical simple
case, the fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis
and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser
orvolutechamber (casing), from where it exits. By doing this case study,
we managed to achieved all the objectives that we aim. Based on the
case study that we had done, we can know how to operate centrifugal
pump in a proper way. We also can know how to relate centrifugal pump
with such principal and law. For example, Bernoullis law. Since were
doing a case study about centrifugal pump, we know the application of
centrifugal pump in industry. We also know the parts of centrifugal such
as vertical centrifugal pump, froth pump and multistage centrifugal
pump. Centrifugal pump has its own advantages and disadvantages. We
had stated it in literary view.

REFFERENCES
Baha Abulnaga (2004).Pumping Oilsand Froth. 21st International Pump Users Symposium, Baltimore,
Maryland. Published by Texas A&M University, Texas, USA.
Larry Bachus, Angle Custodio (2003).Know and understand centrifugal pumps. Elsevier Ltd
Pump Handbook:third edition
Pumping Profits & Productivity, The Magic Of Magnetic Drive Pumps: Part I
http://nuclearpowertraining.tpub.com/h1012v3/css/h1012v3_78.htm
http://iopscience.iop.org/1755-1315/15/2/022010
http://www.kewpump.com.my/codenavia/portals/kewpump/code/main/main.php
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/centrifugal-pumps-d_54.html
Shepard, Dennis G. (1956).Principles of Turbomachinery. McMillan.ISBN0-471-85546-4.LCCN56002849.
Reti, Ladislao; Di Giorgio Martini, Francesco (Summer, 1963). "Francesco di Giorgio (Armani) Martini's
Treatise on Engineering and Its Plagiarists".Technology and Culture4(3): 287298 (290).doi
:10.2307/3100858.
Richards, John (1894).Centrifugal pumps: an essay on their construction and operation, and some
account of the origin and development in this and other countries. The Industrial Publishing Company.
pp.4041.
Regaline Pumps Sdn. Bhd.
About Centrifugal Pumps/ how it works
Centrifugal pumps in industry/ Applications
How to operate pumps/centrifugal/works
http://www.mres.com.my/
Engineering toolbox/pumps
Definition of pumps and its usage.
Hydrodynamics of Pumps Lecture Series: lectures 1-7, by Christopher Earls Brennen
Fundamentals of Multiphase Flows, by Christopher Earls Brennen
Unified Treatment of Flow Instabilities of Turbomachines, by Christopher Earls Brennen