Tintometer GmbH

Lovibond Product Training: Water Analysis

Instrumentation - Reagents - Applications
presented by Dipl. Ing. Helmut Reber

 Tintometer GmbH

History
1885 Joseph William Lovibond being in the brewery business started the
foundation of
the Tintometer Ltd. in Salisbury/England. He introduced the Lovibond colour scale and
the first colorimeter ever.
1953 Publication of the first edition of the book "Colorimetric Chemical
Analytical
Methods (CCAM)". Colorimetric Analytical Equipment was
introduced using reagent tablets as an alternative to the liquid chemistry.
1967 Foundation of the Tintometer GmbH Company in Dortmund/Germany
by Cay-Peter Voss. Technical backup and service together with closer
contact
leading to prompt supply of instrumentation to customers in
Continental Europe.
1982 Introduction of the first photometer systems for water analysis.
1985 Centenary of The Tintometer Ltd. in Salisbury England with congratulations by
the
Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.
1997 Certification according to DIN ISO 9001 by DQS. 30 years of successful
activities of the Tintometer GmbH in Dortmund/Germany.
Today Research, development and equipment production of water analytical systems
and

reagents for various applications. Global marketing of Lovibond products.

Tintometer GmbH

Methods and Products

tablet count
method

MINIKIT

speed
test

MINIKIT

visual
methods

Comparator
CHECKIT
Test Kit

titrimetric
methods

colorimetric
methods
photometric
methods
Tintometer GmbH

CheckitDirect
MaxiDirect
MultiDirect
SpectroDirect

Principle of Photometric Measurement

I0

Tintometer GmbH

Electromagnetic spectrum

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Absorption of light

White
light

Red

Red

700 nm
550 nm
450 nm

700 nm

Green

Blue

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Red / Blue
light

STOP

550 nm
450 nm

Blue

Absorption of light
Transmission [%] T[%]
Extinction [Abs]

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

E[Abs] 1.00 0.50 0.30 0.15 0.05 0.00

E = lg

I0
I

I0: Intensitiy of the

entering light
I: Intensitiy of the
transmitted light

Tintometer GmbH

Principle of Photometric Measurement

I0

Tintometer GmbH

Schematic diagram of a wastewater treatment plant

(activated sludge plant)

Oxygen supply
Waste feed

Effluent

Aeration tank

Clarifier

Sludge Return
Tintometer GmbH

Waste sludge

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Important Wastewater Parameter

Waste feed

Effluent

COD 700 mg/l

COD 100 mg/l

BOD 400 mg/l

BOD 20 mg/l

Wastwater
Nitrogen 50 mg/l

(total)

Phosphorus 10 mg/l

(total)

Tintometer GmbH

Nitrogen
means: means:
Total nitrogen
- Ammonia
- organic
Nitrogen
- Nitrate
- Ammonium
- Nitrate
- Nitrite
- Nitrite

Waste
Nitrogen 10 mg/l
water
treatment
treatment
plant
plant
Phosphorus 2 mg/l

(total)

(total)

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Principle of MaxiDirect
Detector

Detector

Interference
filter

Interference
filter

Measuring
beam

LED

LED

Tintometer GmbH

LED

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Principle of PoolDirect and MultiDirect

Tintometer GmbH

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Principle of SpectroDirect
Tungsten halogen lamp Microprocessor unit

Movable
mirror

Silicon photodiode
Monochromator

Tintometer GmbH

Sample
chamber

For checking the optical

system the SpectroDirect
has an integrated
Didymium-filter, which is
placed automatically in front
of the detector during self
test.

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COD-BOD
COD

BOD

Tintometer GmbH

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COD-BOD Relationship
COD/ BOD5
Relation
< 1,7

Characteristics
Easy degradable / nearly complete
decomposition

1,7 10 Incomplete decomposition / reasons:

Some of the material is not
degradable
Inhibition because of toxic ingredients
Slow adaptation of microorganisms
> 10

No decomposition / reasons:
Persistent ingredients
Complete inhibition because of
toxic substances

Tintometer GmbH

20 % non degradable organic

material
80 % degradable organic material

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BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Pressure Sensor
Gasket &
CO2Absorber
Glass Bottle
Gas Phase

= BOD

Measurement corresponds to the process during

waste water treatment:

Corg + O2

Bacteria

Organic Oxygen
Materials

CO2

+ Cell mass

Carbon
dioxide

Waste Water

Tintometer GmbH

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120

BOD5

100
80

BOD mg/l

60

C-org %

40
20
0

10

15

20

25

BODn+1 > BODn (20,6 % p.d.)

BOD5 70% degradation of total BOD
Tintometer GmbH

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BOD-Graph
A: Idealised BOD-Graph
B: Nitrification occures (use
nitrification inhibitor N-ATH)
C: Measurement is overrange
(change measuring range
or dillute sample)
D: Measurment system is
leaky or anaerobiosis occurs
E: Microorganisms were not
pre-adapted; choose a
suitable inokulum

Tintometer GmbH

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pH-Sensor
Buffer solution pH 7
Metal lead for pH voltage
Metal lead for pH voltage
(Reference Ag/AgCl element)
Reference Elektrolyte
Reference diaphragm

pH glas diaphragm

Tintometer GmbH

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pH-Value
SL_1

Potentialin mV

mV
pH

SL_2

mV
pH
pH-value

U_AS
Tintometer GmbH

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Conductivity- Sensor

Tintometer GmbH

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Oxygen-Sensor

Refill
opening
O-Ring seal

Sensor
shaft

Membrame cap
Tintometer GmbH

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Principle of Turbidity Measurement

Tintometer GmbH

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