History of Biology

Prehistory
Around 200,000 BC
Started to accumulate
information about the
behavior of plants and
animals in their
environment while
foraging.
Developed cultivation or crops and
domestication of wild animals

Beginnings of Ancient Biology

5th-4th BC

Began with the work

and thought of
Aristotle. He is the
Founding Father of
Biology
Asked the question:
What is life?
His student Theophrastus
attempted to classify and
describe plants.

Biology enters a period of

relative decline
In the profoundly Christian
centuries of the European Middle
Ages the prevailing mood is not
conducive to scientific enquiry.
God knows best, and so He
should - since He created
everything.

 Galen
demonstrated that
living arteries
contained blood
through dissection
of apes and pigs.

A new birth of investigation in

biology
Illustrated books
Anatomical
drawings of
Leonardo Da
Vinci.
Otto Brunfels:
Herbarum vivae
eicones (Living
images of plants)

A new birth of investigation in

biology
In 1540 Vesalius
gives a public
demonstration of
the inaccuracies of
Galens anatomical
theories, which are
still the orthodoxy
of the medical
profession.

Andreas Vesalius (Dec. 31, 1514-October 15,

1564)

In 1543 Vesalius
published his
revolutionary book De
humani corporis fabrica
(On the Structure of the
Human Body). Seven
volumes in total on the
structure of the human
body.

 It was the most accurate

and detailed anatomical text
ever to have been
produced.

 By a long series of
dissections (from dogs
and pigs down to slugs
and oysters), and by a
process of logical
argument, Harvey is
able to prove that the
body contains only a
single supply of blood;
and that the heart is a
Harvey and the circulation of the
muscle pumping it
blood: AD 1628
round a circuit.

William Harvey (April 1, 1578

June 3, 1657)
Was an English physician who is credited
with being the first in the Western world
to describe correctly and in exact detail
the systemic circulation and properties of
blood being pumped around the body by
the heart.

Beginnings of Modern Biology

In the early 17th century, the micro-world
of biology was just beginning to open up.

Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek

(October 24, 1632 August 30, 1723)
Invented the Microscope
in 1674 he discovered
infusoria (protists in modern
zoological classification)
in 1676 he discovered
bacteria, (e.g. large
Selenomonads from the
human mouth)

Leeuwenhoeks first
microscope

in 1677 he
discovered
spermatozoa
In 1682 he
discovered the
banded pattern
of muscular
fibers.

Systematizing, naming and

classifying dominated natural
history throughout much of the
17th and 18th centuries.

Carolus Linnaeus
(May 13, 1707 January 10, 1778)

The Father of Modern

Taxonomy
Linnaean taxonomy;
the system of scientific
classification

 Linnaeus's prime contribution to

taxonomy was to establish
conventions for the naming of
living organisms that became
universally accepted in the
scientific world--the work of
Linnaeus represents the starting
point of binomial nomenclature.

Robert Brown
(December 21, 1773June 10, 1858)
He recognized and named
the nucleus as a constant
constituent of living cells in
most plants, and
Improved the natural
classification of plants by
establishing and defining
new families and genera.

 He described the Brownian

Movementa natural continuous
motion

Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet,

Chevalier de Lamarck
(August 1, 1744 December 18, 1829)

An early proponent of the

idea that evolution
occurred and proceeded
in accordance with natural
laws.
Remembered primarily
for a theory of "inheritance
of acquired characters",
called "soft inheritance" or
Lamarckism.

Charles Darwin
(12 February 1809 19 April 1882)

Theory of evolution by
natural selection
The Origin of Species

 His discovery remains the

foundation of biology, as it
provides a unifying logical
explanation for the diversity of life.

Francis Galton
(16 February 1822 17 January 1911)
Founded biometrics as
the approach to genetics
Galton was instrumental
in the formulation of
'eugenics', which seeks to
improve the human stock
and prevent the
degeneration of genetic
potential.

Gregor Johann Mendel

(July 20, 1822 January 6, 1884)

The inheritance of
characteristics is
governed by pairs of
discrete elements
derived from each
parent.

 These parental elements pass

into the germ cells of the offspring
without influencing each other;
this is the law of segregation.

Louis Pasteur
(December 27, 1822 September 28, 1895)

Founded the science of

microbiology and
immunology and proved
that most infectious
diseases are caused by
micro-organisms.
He created the first
vaccine for rabies

 He was best known to the general

public for inventing a method to
stop milk and wine from causing
sickness - this process came to
be called pasteurization.

Twentieth century biological

sciences
Ecology and environmental science
Classical genetics, the modern synthesis,
and evolutionary theory
Biochemistry, microbiology, and molecular
biology
Biotechnology, genetic engineering, and
genomics
Molecular systematics and genomics

Dr. Rosichon Ubaidillah

Meneliti Megalara garuda
bersama Lynn S Kimsey.
Akhirnya publikasi
spesies tanpa menyebut
namanya

Prof. Dr. Mien A. Rifai

Pak Mien Rifai seorang
ahli botani Indonesia, yang
pernah menjabat sebagai
Kepala Kebun Raya
Indonesia
Profesor Doktor, ahli jamur
satu-satunya di Indonesia.
Membuktikan 50 jenis
jamur Trichoderma.
By Blog Sastra F. Rahardi

Djoko T. Iskandar
Ahli herpetologi
Indonesia
16 jenis baru katak

Kompas Cetak, 24 Maret 2009. Ditulis oleh : Cornelius Helmy Herlambang

Pratiwi Sudarmono
Ahli mikrobiologi
Calon astronot Misi
Wahana Antariksa STS61-H tahun 1985, sayang
dibatalkan.

 Peneliti senior dari Lembaga

Biologi Molekuler Eijkman, ini
terdorong menekuni penelitian hati
agar Indonesia mandiri dan tak
tergantung pada negara lain dalam
hal vaksin dan alat diagnostik
untuk hepatitis B. Menurutnya,
Indonesia sebagai wilayah
endemis hepatitis B, merupakan
pasar potensial bagi vaksin dan
alat diagnostik untuk hepatitis B.

Prof Dr Sutiman B. Sumitro

Kontroversial dengan
Divine Cigarette, bahwa
asap rokok dapat menjadi
obat.

Dan Masih Banyak Lagi, dan kemungkinan

besar kita tidak mengetahuinya.