CIRCUIT BREAKER

WHAT IS A CIRCUIT BREAKER

A circuit breaker is an equipment that breaks a

circuit either manually or automatically under
all conditions at no load, full load or short
circuit.
"the circuit breaker opens the circuit it is in
fact the electric-arc (arc for short) formed
inside the circuit breaker, which interrupts the
circuit current.

Operating Principle
Two contacts called electrode remains closed
under normal operating conditions. When fault
occurs on any part of the system, the trip coil of
the circuit breaker get energized and contacts
are separated.

Arc Phenomenon
An arc is struck when contacts are separated. The
current is thus able to continue. Thus the main
duty of a circuit breaker is to distinguish the arc
within the shortest possible time.
The arc provides the low resistance path to the
current and the current in the circuit remains
uninterrupted.

The arc resistance depends

following factors.

Degree of ionization

Length of the arc

Cross Section of the arc

upon the

TYPES OF
CIRCUIT
BREAKER

OIL
CIRCUIT
BREAKER

AIR BLAST
CIRCUIT
BREAKER

SF6
CIRCUIT
BREAKER

VACCUM
CIRCUIT
BREAKER

Breaker Used In 132KV Grid

Station
Oil Circuit Breaker
Vacuum Circuit breaker
SF6 Circuit Breaker

Bulk Oil Circuit breaker

Air
cushion

Low Oil Circuit Breaker

Consists of two parts.

Supporting
Chamber.
Circuit-Breaking
chamber( consist
of fixed and
moving contact)

Disadvantages Of Oil Circuit Breaker

It is inflammable and there is a risk of fire.

It may form an explosive mixture with air.
It requires maintenance.
Absorbs moisture, so dielectric strength
reduces.
Oil leakage problem.
Oil has to be replaced after some operations
because of the carbonization of oil.

Vacuum Circuit Breaker

Vacuum is used as an arc quenching medium.

Have greatest insulating strength.
10-7 to 10-5 pressure is to be maintained.
Used in 11KV panel in control room of grid
station.

Vacuum Circuit Breaker

Advantages
Compact, reliable and have longer life.
No fire hazards.
No generation of gas during and after
operation.
Can interrupt any fault current.
No noise is produced while operating.
Require less power for control operation.

SF6 Circuit Breaker

1. Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) gas is used as an arc
quenching medium.
2. SF6 is an electro-negative gas.
3. It has strong tendency to absorb electrons.
4. When contact are opened in a high pressure flow of
SF6 gas, arc produced.
5. Free electron in the arc are captured by the gas.
6. Which build up enough insulation strength to
extinguish arc.
7. it is much effective for high power and high
voltages services,

Advantages
Simple construction, less cost.
SF6 gas is non flammable, non toxic &
chemical inert gas.
Same gas is recirculated in the circuit.
Maintenance free C.B.
Ability to interrupt low and high fault current.
Excellent Arc extinction.

Advantages Of SF6 Over Oil Circuit Breakers

Short arcing time

Can interrupt much larger currents
Gives noiseless operation due to its closed gas circuit
No moisture problem
No risk of fire
No carbon deposits. So no tracking and insulation
problems
Low maintenance cost

Testing of circuit
beake

Advantages Of air blast Over Oil Circuit

Breakers
The risk of fire is diminished
The arcing time is very small due to rapid build up of
dielectric strength between contacts
The arcing products are completely removed by the
blast whereas oil deteriorates with successive
operations

Testing of circuit breaker

testing is indispensable in order to assure whether or not a
specific breaker will be able to withstand certain operating
conditions.
Type of test of circuit breaker
(1) Short circuit test
(a) Direct test
(b)Indirect test
(2)Synthetic test

Direct test and indirect test

a circuit with only one power source to supply
the necessary current before interruption and
the necessary voltage after interruption is
known as direct test.
Indirect test are those which demonstrate the
capabilities for application in three phase
grounded and ungrounded system.

Synthetic test
a circuit in which the necessary current before
interruption and the voltage after interruption
are put together by means of different power
sources or through different paths of the test
circuit.

Advantage of synthetic test

The breaker can be tested for desired transient
recovery voltage.
Both test current and test voltage can be
independently varied. This gives flexibility to
the test.
With this method a breaker capacity (MVA) of
five time of that of the capacity of the test
plant can be tested.

THANKS
ANY QUERY ?