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Mechanical Design
Applications
Dr. M.
K. OMalley
Master Notes
Spring
2007
Dr. D. M. McStravick
Rice University
Design Considerations
Deflection [Everythings a
Spring]
Type of loading
Tension
Compression
Bending
Torsion
Cross-section of member
Comparable to pushing on a spring
Superposition
x E x
x1
U Fdx
0
dU
dV
Put in terms of ,
V volume
1
1 x
x x
2
2 E
dU
dV
dV dU
1 x2
dV
U
2
E
I
2
U x dV
2E
M 2 y2
U
dV
2
2 EI
dV dAdx
M2
f ( x)
2
2 EI
I y 2dA
2
M y
M y
dV
(dAdx )
2
2
2 EI
2 EI
M2
U
dx
2 EI
U
M2
y dAdx
2
2 EI 2
Castiglianos Theorem
[He was a Grad Student at the
Deflection at any point along a beam subjected to n loads may
Time!!]
Fi
Castigliano Example
wL4
A
8 EI
U
M M
A
Q A 0 EI Q A
M ( x) Q A x 12 wx 2
dx
M
x
Q A
1
A
EI
wL4
0 wx x dx 8EI
1
2
Stability
Strength of a structure
Material
failure
Buckling
Buckling
Compression members
Pcrit
c 2 EI
L2
Pcrit
2 EI
2
Le
Where C is as follows:
C = ;Le=2L C = 2; Le=0.7071L
Fixed-free
Fixed-pinned
C = 1: Le=L
Rounded-rounded
Pinned-pinned
C = 4; Le=L/2
Fixed-fixed
Buckling
Sy
Le
Scr S y 2
4 E
Sy
2E
Le
c 2 EI
L2
Impact
Dynamic loading
Impact Chapter 4
Fatigue Chapter 6
Direct impact
Increasing
Severity
Impact, cont.
Static
Gray area
Dynamic
t AL 3
1
t AL 3
2
1
t AL
2
Impact Assumptions
Impact Energy
Balance
Energy balance
W s
12
W (h )
W
2 s
12
h
2 s
2h
s 1 1
s
2h
Fe W 1 1
s
Impact, cont.
v2
1 1
g s
v2
Fe W 1 1
g s
Pinger