Pramod Kumar

Pradhan
MPT I Year

Gait
Analysis

Moderator ; Dr Manish
Goon
Evaluator:
1) Hghg
2) dgs

parameters,

observational

pathological

and instrumental,

Gait Analysis

Gait Analysis

Definition:
Gait is described as a translatory progression of
the body as a whole produced by coordinated,
rotatory movements of body segments.

Normal gait is:

Rhythmic and is characterized by
alternating propulsive and retropulsive
movement of the lower extremities
essentially to support and carry along the
HAT.

HAT
weight

= 75% of body

Head + Arm = 25% of body

weight
Trunk
weight

= 50% of body

Gait requires:
Coordination
Balance
Intact kinesthetic

and Propioceptive
Sensation and
Integrity of joints
and muscles

Walking is the result of Cyclic series if

movement. And a Gait cycle is
considered as its most fundamantal
unit.
Gait Cycle:
A gait cycle includes the activities that
occur from the point of initial contact
of one lower extremity to the point at
which the same extremity contacts
the ground again.

Phases of Gait Cycle:

In a Gait Cycle one extremity passes
through two phases
1.Stance Phase
2.Swing Phase

Stance Phase:
It begins at the instant when one extremity
contacts the ground( Heel Strike) and
continues as long as some portion of the foot
is in contact with the ground (Toe Off). 60%

Swing Phase;
It begins as soon as the toe of one extremity
leaves the ground (Toe Off) and ceases just
before the same extremity contacts the
ground or supporting surface (Heel Strike).
40%

Stance Phase

Swing Phase

Double-Limb Support:
It is defines as the period in which some
portion of the feet of both the extremities are
in contact with the supporting surface at the
same time.

Division of Stance Phase

Traditional

Rancho Los

Amigos
Heel Strike
Foot Flat
Mid Stance
Heel Of
Toe Of

Initial Contact
Loading
Response
Mid Stance
Terminal Stance
Pre Swing

Division of Swing Phase

Traditional
Toe Off to
Acceleration to
Mid Swing to

Acceleration
Mid Swing
Deceleration

Rancho Los Amigos

Initial Swing
Mid Swing
Terminal Swing

Parameters
Time and Distance are two of
the basis parameters of Motion
and measurements of these
variables
provide
a
basic
description of gait.

Temporal Variables

Distance Variables

Stance Time

Stride Length

Single-limb and Double

Step Length

limb time
Swing Time
Stride Time
Step Time
Cadence
Speed

Width of Walking Base

Degree of Toe Out

Determinants of Gait
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Lateral Pelvic Tilt

Knee Flexion during Mid Stance
Knee Interaction
Ankle Interaction
Forward and Backward Rotation
of Pelvis
6) Physiological Valgus of Knee