FRACTIONAL

DIFFERENTIATORS USING FIR

AND IIR FILTERS

GUIDED BY
Ms. VINEETA

PRESENTED BY
ROMIKA CHOUDHARY

Contents
Objective
Introduction to Fractional Calculus
Digital differentiator
Fractional Differential

What does fractional derivative mean?

Basic Principle
Fir Filter

Objective

The objective of this project is to use signal-processing

tools such as the Fourier transform and the digital
FIR differentiator, to compute fractional derivatives
of signals.

Fractional Calculus
Fractional Calculus is the branch of calculus that

generalizes the derivative of a function to noninteger order, allowing calculations such as deriving
a function to 1/2 order.
The name "fractional" is used for denoting the kind

of derivative.

Mathematical analysis
The derivative of a function f is defined as

f ( x h) f ( x )
D f ( x) lim
h 0
h
1

nth derivative of a function

What does fractional derivative mean?

(Non integer order differentiator)
The Fourier transform of differentiation of the
function f(x)
F[D{f(x)}]=(jw)F(w)
where F(w) is the Fourier transform of f(x). The
nth derivative of f(x)
F[Dn {f(x)}]=(jw)n F(w) ; let the initial value
(f(0-))=0

If n is a fractional order (suppose n=v)

F[Dv {f(x)}]=(jw)v F(w)
It
means
that
a
fractional
order
differentiation is the output of a filter whose
frequency response is (jw)v

FIR Fractional derivatives

To compute the fractional derivative we have to
design an FIR filter having frequency response (jw)v

D( w) (iw)

v iv / 2

w e
,
0,
v iv / 2
w e
,

0 w ,
w 0,
w 0,

Since the FIR filter will introduce a delay and

D(w) is a zero delay specification, the FIR filter
cannot be used to approximate the ideal
response D(w). Thats why we have to introduce
a delay system in cascade with this differentiator.
Thus

Fd ( w) D ( w)e
where n0 is a prescribed delay.

in0 w

Once filter (H(w)) is designed, the following

formula is used to obtain the design result of the
fractional differentiator:

in0 w

D ( w) H ( w) e
Now by passing any signal through this filter we
can compute the fractional derivative of that
signal.

IIR Fractional derivatives

the discretization of the fractional-order

differentiator sr (r is a real number) can be
expressed by the so-called generating function
s=w(z). This generating function and its
expansion determine both the form of the
approximation and the coefficients.
The DFOD is then obtained by using the CFE or a
new recursive expansion formula.

By using the trapezoidal rule the generating

function can be written as:

6r2 ( z 1)
1
6( z 1)
w( z ) ~

2
2
H ( z ) r1T (3 a)( z r2 ) T (3 a)( z r2 )
2

Thus the final expression for DFDO will be:

1 z
G ( z ) ( w( z )) k 0
1 2
(
1

bz
)

Conclusion
The FIR fractional order differentiator can be
used to generate a random fractal process which is
better than the process obtained by the
conventional method. However, using an FIR
filter to approximate (iw)v may be less efficient
due to the very high order of the FIR filter. The
IIR fractional differentiator is having a tuning
knob to compromise the high frequency
approximation accuracy.

THANKS