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SEISMIC RETROFITTING OF
COLUMNS & FOUNDATIONS
CONTENTS:
1.
2.
2.
3.
Introduction
Basic concepts of retrofitting
Need for retrofitting
Building deficiencies
Plan irregularities
Vertical irregularities
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
INTRODUCTION:
DEFINITION:
Methods of increasing resistant capacity of structure by
various techniques called retrofitting.
Seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures
to make them more resistant to the seismic activity, ground
motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes.
The retrofit techniques are also applicable for other natural
hazards such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes & severe winds from
thunderstorms.
Structure can be
Earthquake damaged
Earthquake vulnerable
BUILDING DEFICIENCIES:
Plan irregularities
1. Torsional irregularity due to plan symmetry & eccentric
mass from water tank.
2. Re-entrant corners in U-,L-, & T- shaped buildings.
3. Diaphragm discontinuity due to openings
4. Out-of-plane offset for floating columns along perimeter
Vertical irregularities
1. Stiffness irregularity, extreme soft storey due to open
ground storey.
2. Mass irregularity.
3. Vertical geometric irregularity
4. In-plane discontinuity for floating columns along
perimeter.
CLASSIFICATION OF RETROFITTING
TECHNIQUES:
Global
1. Adding shear wall
2. Adding infill wall
3. Adding bracing
4. Adding wing wall
5. Wall thickening
6. Mass reduction
7. Base isolation
8. Mass dampers
Local
1. Jacketing of beams
2. Jacketing of
columns
3. Jacketing of beamcolumns joints
4. Strengthening of
individual footing
RETROFITTING OF RC STRUCTURES:
a) Strengthening of existing members
Reinforced concrete jacketing
Steel plate bonding & steel plate caging: FRP
Plate bonding & jacketing
b) adding a new member
Shear walls
Frames
Bracings
Buttresses
FRP wrapping
In this method fiber should be
located horizontally
perpendicular to the axis of
column.
It increases the strength of
concrete by confinement & also
improves ductility.
Main drawback is high cost &
inadequate fire resistance
RETROFITTING OF FOUNDATION:
Load from the superstructure get transmitted to the soil
through foundation.
Seismic retrofit includes the strengthening of inadequate
foundations or supplementing with new foundation.
Before retrofitting to be carried out we need to study the
location of foundation, dimension, geometry, quality &
bearing capacity & degree of damage to the foundation.
Depending upon the evaluation of performance different
methods are to be adopted.
Differential settlement
Ground tilting
Liquefaction
DRILLING OF MICRIPILES:
Micro piles are of diameter 300mm or less can be drilled through
the existing foundations.
After the hole is drilled, it is grouted with the cement slurry &
reinforcement bars are inserted.
The piles extend much beyond the foundation level and transfer
the loads to the deeper level over a wider width.
UNDER PINNING WITH PILES:
It is used when strata below the foundation is very weak &
increasing area of footing is not sufficient.
Additional piles are symmetrically placed around the edge of
existing foundation to ensure the effective load transfer.
After the construction of piles the size of footing is increased &
dowel bars are provided between existing & new concrete.
MICROPILES
PILES
CONCLUSIONS:
REFERENCES: