Food Security

Water Security
Energy Security

By-
RAJNEESH RANJAN
Three Priorities for Human Security

 Food Security
 Water Security
 Energy Security
 Food Security – scenario

 430 million poor people

(nearly 30% of South Asia and 47% of the world)
 315 million people have insufficient food
(22% of South Asia)
 While % hungry is reducing absolute numbers increasing
 Slow progress in recent past
 Half our children malnourished
 Conflicts and disasters aggravate poverty
and hunger
 Food Security - challenges

 Enhancing Agricultural Production & Productivity

 Managing land use and availability of arable land
• Arresting degradation of land
• Checking the conversion of arable land for other uses
 Improving irrigation systems and practices
• Increasing the area under irrigation
• Promoting efficient irrigation practices
 Improving farming practices and cropping patterns
• intensive vs organic farming
• new technologies, methods and techniques
• cropping patterns (legumes)
 Rationalising the role of subsidies
 Food Security - challenges

 Other Supporting Measures

 Improving Accessibility to available food
• Role of the PDS and private sector
• Improving rural infrastructure (cold storage, transportation)
 Ensuring nutritional value of food consumed
• proteins – pulses, dairy products, fish, eggs
• focus on children – food for education
 Agriculture – livelihood for the masses
(absorbs 60% labour contributing to 23% GDP)
• recognise that land does not have the carrying capacity –
skill and capacity building of youth for non-farm activities
 Disaster Preparedness and Management
 Water Security – scenario

 Most countries beginning to experience

moderate to severe water scarcity due to:
 high population growth; coupled with
 growth of irrigation, industrialisation & urbanisation
 Scarcity likely to increase
(3,485 to 2,511 cum/yr/capita between 1985 to 2005)
 Excessive dependence and depletion of ground
water
 Pollution of surface and ground water
increasing rapidly
 Impressive efforts in providing safe drinking
water, but sanitation still lagging
 Trans-boundary water wars – a reality
 Water Security - challenges

 Effective
policies and implementation
mechanisms for
• trans-boundary basin management
• ground water use
• water as a right and yet priced
 Technologies and incentives for
• Promoting efficient irrigation practices
• Pollution prevention
 Participatory approaches for
(enterprise / community based)
• drinking water and sanitation
• farmer managed irrigation systems
 Energy Security – scenario

 Demand far exceeds supply in most countries

 high population growth; coupled with
 growth of industrialisation and urbanisation
 Gap will significantly increase
(per capita requirements expected to double to 600 kg. oil
equivalent by 2020)
 Excessive dependence on
 Coal (46%) – highly polluting (carbon and climate)
 Petroleum (34%) – polluting, foreign exchange drain
 Inadequate investments in renewables
 Gross inefficiencies in energy transmission,
distribution and use
 No country can address issue alone –
opportunity for regional cooperation
 Energy Security – challenges

 Investments in development of energy

resources
 conventional sources, especially hydro power
 significant growth of renewable sources
 Promoting energy efficiency and
conservation
 energy efficient technologies in industry,
agriculture and households
 reduction of transmission and distribution losses
 addressing subsidies to agriculture and other users
 Fostering Regional Cooperation