DNA

REVIEW

Question 1:
DNA --> RNA is called...

A.
B.
C.
D.

Replication
Transcription
Translation
Protein synthesis

B. Transcription

What is the building block of

protein?
Amino Acids

 What happens in the S (synthesis phase)?

DNA duplicates

What is the DNA complementary

base pairs?
A-T
C-G

Tell 2 ways DNA is different

from RNA
DNA
RNA
1. Double stranded
1. Single stranded
2. Deoxyribose sugar
2. Ribose sugar
3. A,T,C,G
3. A,U,C,G
4. No Uracil 4. No thymine
5. Contains genetic code 5. Carries genetic code
6. Stays in the nucleus
from the nucleus to the
ribosome
6. Helps with protein

B.

What is the purpose of tRNA?

A. it unzips the double helix so mRNA can
transcribe it

Transcribe this DNA

codon strand

AGC

Translate the mRNA codon.

Serine

AGC

C.
What is the purpose of mRNA?
A. it unzips the double helix so transcription can

What ratio are Humans A-T and C-G?

1:1 2:1 1:2 or 4:4
1:1

During DNA replication, which of the

following segments would be complementary
to the original DNA segment of CCTAAT?

A. CGATTA
B. GGUTTU
C. GGATTA

C. GGATTA
D. GGAUUA

Name this kind of mutation

a. Deletion
b. Inversion
c. Translocation d. Duplication
b. Inversion

REVIEW: Is this Primary or

Secondary Succession?
Primary
Succession

A?
B?

Amino acid B
D?

C?

tRNA D
mRNA E
codon A

E?

anticodon C

Sugar used to make DNA

Deoxyribose

Organism whose cells have a

nucleus
Eukaryotes: which are animal and
plant cells

When DNA undergoes

Replication what happens?

Results in 2 identical copies: one

original strand and one new strand

RNA--> protein is called..

A.
B.
C.
D.

Replication
Transcription
Translation
Protein synthesis

C. Translation

Organic compounds have what

element?
CARBON

DNA that is condensed in the nucleus

of dividing cells so it can be
transported easily is called
Chromosomes
_______________

Nucleus
A________
mRNA
B________
Ribosome
C________

tRNA
D________
anticodon
E________
codon
F________

Amino acid
G_______

Replication? Transcription? Or translation?

Translation

An organism that has one or

more genes from another
organism?
Transgenic organism
Transgenic
A ___________Arabidopsis
seedling
expressing GFP (green fluorescence).
Sentinel plants will turn green when
they detect chemical or biological agents
that can be used in biological warfare.

What type of RNA is responsible for bringing

amino acids to the ribosome for protein
synthesis?
messengerRNA
RNA(tRNA)
B.A. transfer
B. transfer RNA
C. ribosomal RNA

Transcription takes place in the

nucleus

When a strand of
DNA from
another organism
is inserted into a
plasmid
(bacterial DNA)
it is called_____

Recombinant
DNA

What is a plasmid?
Bacteria chromosome

Why are bacteria used in genetic

engineering?
They reproduce quickly
They are cheap to use

REVIEW: What type of

behavior is this:

Habituation

Name this kind of mutation

d. Duplication
a. Deletion
b. Inversion
c. Translocation d. Duplication

3 sequential nucleotides in an
mRNA molecule that code for a
specific amino acid
codon

Organism without a nucleus

Prokaryote like bacteria:unicellular

Proteins are synthesized at the...

Mitocondria
nucleus
ribosome
chloroplast

Ribosome

 Name the two scientists that received the

Nobel prize for figuring out the structure
of DNA

Watson and Crick

DNA Fingerprinting:
who committed the crime?
Crime Scene Suspect 1 Suspect 2

Suspect 2

Transcription?
Translation?
Replication?
Transcription

or
protein synthesis?

How is the DNA in

PROKARYOTES different
from DNA in EUKARYOTES?
Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

1.Single chromosome 1. Many chromosomes in

2.Circular loop called
the nucleus
a plasmid.
2. Plant and Animal
3. In the cytoplasm
cells
(no nucleus)

DNA has a codon of CCT what is

the mRNA?
GGA

DNA codon is ATA what is the

corresponding mRNA and its
amino acid?

mRNA is UAU
Amino acid is Tyrosine

Group of 3 nucleotide bases on a

t-RNA molecule that are
complementary to an mRNA codon
anticodon

What are the 2 steps needed to make proteins?

Protein synthesis, all controlled by the genes

Transcription + Translation = Protein Synthesis

Where in the cell is protein made?

Ribosomes letter f below

Ribosomes

What 2 places in the cell can ribosomes be

found?
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and free in the cytoplasm

After translation and the amino acids

make the protein where does it go next?

Rough E.R. transports it to the Golgi Body

which packages it (like post office)

If a portion of a DNA strand has the base

sequence AGGTTC, what will be the base
sequence of the mRNA strand transcribed?

A. TCCAAG

C. AUGCGU

B. UCCAAG

D. ATGCGT

B. UCCAAG

Gene Therapy
___________is
the replacement
of a defective or missing gene, or
the addition of a new gene, into a
persons genome to treat a
disease.

Name this kind of mutation

c. Translocation

a. Deletion
b. Inversion
c. Translocation d. Duplication

REVIEW:What is the purpose of

lichens and mosses?

To create soil

Macromolecule made by
joining amino acid subunits
together

Protein

Name this subunit used to

build nucleic acids like DNA &
RNA

Nucleotide

Which molecules make up the

backbone (sides of ladder)
in a DNA molecule?
Sugar and Phosphates

What is an example of a point

mutation?
Sickle cell Anemia

Mutations are changes in the

_________
genetic material.

An agent that can cause a change

in DNA is called a _____________
Mutagen

What are some types of

mutagens:
X-Rays
Nicotine in cigarettes
UV radiation
Chemicals in the environment

Name one of the two goals of the

Human Genome Project
1. To map and sequence all the DNA
base pairs.
2. To identify all the genes in the
sequence.

Mutations that produce changes

in a single gene =
Gene mutations
______________________
Mutations that produce changes
in whole chromosomes =
_____________________
Chromosomal mutations

Name this kind of mutation

a.Deletion
b. Inversion
c. Translocation d. Duplication
a. Deletion

Which type is not a mutation:

A. translocation
B. deletion
C. point mutation
D. triplication mutation

D.

Name this kind of mutation

a. Deletion
b. Inversion
c. Translocation d. Duplication

b. Inversion

REVIEW:Which of the following

statements concerning physical and
biological systems is correct?
A. Energy flows in many directions.
B. Matter flows and Energy recycles.
C. Matter recycles and Energy flows through
it in one direction.
D. Energy and Matter is Lost

Translation takes place ON the

Ribosomes

Which molecules make up the

rungs (steps of ladder)
in a DNA molecule?
Nitrogen bases

REVIEW:When the plant cell

divides in mitosis what is
formed?

Cell Plate