Fundamentals of

Cellular and Wireless Networks

Lecture ID: ET- IDA-113/114

Tutorial- 4

Mobile Propagation Models

20.05.2012 , v11
Prof. W. Adi
Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 1

Problem 4.1:
A base station is transmitting 100 W at 1200 MHz with an antenna gain of 10 dB.
1.

Compute the received power in dBm at the mobile site assuming a two- ray propagation
model for the geometry shown below. The mobile antenna gain is 10 dB. L=2
Base station
mobile
30m

2.

20 km

5m

Compute the received power in dBm if a 55m tower is built at a distance of 1 km

far from the base station. Use the knife-edge diffraction model

tower
Base station
30m

1 km

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

55m

19 km

mobile
5m

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 2

Solution 4.1:
1. Two Ray (Ground Reflection) Model
Wavelength (in m) = c/f = 0.25m (c= 3 . 108 m/s)
Gt = transmitter antenna gain = 10 dB = 10.
Gr = receiver antenna gain = 10 dB = 10.
ht = transmitter height = 30m
hr = receiver height = 5m
d = transmitter-receiver separation distance = 20,000m
f = transmitter frequency = 1200 MHz

P G G h h
Pr t t r 4 t r
d

2
2
100 10 10 30 5
Pr
20, 000 4

Pr 1. 40625 x10 9 W 1. 40625 x10 6mW

Pr 58.52 dBm

Check ?

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 3

Solution 4.1 (Contd):

2. Knife-Edge Diffraction Model
T

The wavelength = c/f = 300/1200 = 0.25 m

R

55 m

30 m

5m
1 km

19 km

55 30
0.025 0.0244 rad
1,000
50
tan
0.00263 0.00263 rad
19,000
tan

0.025 0.00263 0.02763 rad

25 m

1 km

50 m

19 km

2 d1 d 2
2 1,000 19,000
0.02763
2.4
d1 d 2
0.25 20,000
0.225
20.56dB
2
.
4

Gd 20 log

Received power after the tower: Pr(dBm) = Pr(dBm) + Gd = -58.06 dBm 20.56 = -73.62 dBm

Los or two ray?

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 4

Problem 4-2:

Solution 4-2:

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 5

Solution 4-2:

Pr = -68 dBm= 106.8= 1.58 10-7 mw = 1.58 10-10 watt

10-10
Receiver

Pr = Rant . i2= Rant . (V/2 Rant )2

Pr = V / 4Rant
2

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

Rant=50

Pr
R=Rant=50

Antenna

Vant=V
Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 6

Problem 4-3:
A police care driving at a speed of 150 km/h on the highway is tracking a car
with mobile station transmitting at carrier frequency of 900 MHz. The police
receiver was able to measure a Doppler frequency shift of -75 Hz.
1. What is the speed of the tracked car?
2. When would the police radar lose connection to the tracked car if the radar
receiver sensitivity is 90 dBm and the first tracked signal power was 70
dBm at a distance of 100 m from the tracked car.
Assume that the following long distance path loss model is valid for this
propagation: Pr(d) = Pr(d0) (d0/d)2
Assume also that both cars have a constant speed all the time.
Mobile station

Police Radar
Vp=150 Km/h

V=?

100m
Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 7

Solution 4-3:
1. = 300/900 = 1/3 m, Doppler frequency shift f =v cos / , =0 degree
Relative speed is v = f = 1/3 x 75 = 25 m/s.
25 m/s = 25 x 10 3 x 3600 = 90 km/h
As it is Moving away from the police car with a speed of 90 km/h
The followed car has then the speed of 150 + 90 = 240 km/h
2. Pr (d) = Pr (d0) (d0/d)2 ,
10 log Pr(d)= 10 log Pr(d0) + 20 log d0 20 log d
10 log Pr(d0) = -70 dBm, d0= 100 m
-90 dBm = -70 + 20 log 100 - 20 log d
-60 = - 20 log d => d = 1000 m
Time required to lose connection = 1000-100 m / 25 m/s = 36 seconds

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 8

Problem 4-4:
A base station is transmitting Pt Watt at 900 MHz with an antenna gain of 10 dB.
1. Compute the transmitter power Pt such that a mobile receiver at a distance
of 20km with a sensitivity of 70 dBm can operate adequately assuming a
free space propagation model for the geometry shown below. The mobile
antenna gain is 10 dB. Assume the system loss factor L=2.
Mobile station

Base station

20 km km

2.

Compute the base station transmitter power Pt such that if a 85m tower is
built at a distance of 2 km from the base station, the mobile station would
receive adequately. Use the knife-edge diffraction model and take the
geometry from the illustration below.
tower
Base station
85m
30m

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

2 km

Mobile station
18 km

5m

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 9

Solution 4-4:
1. For LOS model the following hold
= 300/900 = 1/3 m
Gt = Gr = 10, d = 20000, L=2
Pr (d) = -70 dBm= 10 log Pr(mw) = 10 7 mw = 10 10 w
Pr (d) =

Pt Gt Gr 2
Pt =

(4)2 d2 L

Pt =

10 10 (4)2 200002 x 2

10 x 10 x (1/3)2

Pr (d) (4)2 d2 L
Gt Gr 2

= 1.138 watt = 1138 mw = 30.5 dBm

2.The diffraction loss according to knife edge model:

55

30
2km

18km

Diffractionloss=

tan

tan

85 30
2,000
80
18 ,000

0 .0275 0 .0275 rad

0 .004

0 .004 rad

0 .0275 0 .004 0 .0315 rad

2x 2000x 18 000
2 d 1 d 2
0 .0315
v
=3.28
d 1 d 2
0 .33 20 ,000
5

0 .225
23.27dB=10-2.33
3.28

G d 20 log

Thus the required Pt power is 1.138 watt x 102.33 = 243.3 watt

Or Pt = 30.5 dBm (- 23.3 dB) = 53.8 dBm

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 10

Problem 4-5:
A car driving through the high-way at a speed of 36 km/h detected the signal from a base station
first at point A and lost the connection at point C. The received power when passing point B
was 60 dBm.
Given: The frequency used is 1500 MHz
Receiver sensitivity = -80 dBm
The line of sight propagation model is valid for the wave propagation
1. Compute the distance AC
2. Compute the Doppler frequency shift at A, B and C
Base Station

V=36 km/h

1 km

-60 dBm

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 11

Solution
Base Station

V=36 km/h

d=10 KM

1 km

=90

A
-80 dBm

1.

B
9,95 KM

-60 dBm

cos (180-) = -cos

is negative!

C
-80 dBm

The distances SA and SC are equal as the power received at both points is 80dBm at a distance d=SA=SC.
For line of sight propagation model: P r (d) = Pr (d0) (d0/d)2 ,
Converting into dB: 10 log Pr(d)= 10 log Pr(d0) + 20 log d0 20 log d
d0= 1k m, 10 log Pr(d0) = -60 dBm
SC = d, Power at point C should be 90 dBm
-80 dBm = -60 + 20 log 1 - 20 log d
-80+60 = - 20 log d => log d =1 => d = 10 km
d=AS= 10 km
BC =( 102 - 12 ) 1/2= 9.95 km
AC = 2 x 9,95= 19,9 km

2.

Doppler shift at B = 0 Hz as = 90, cos 90=0

= 300/1500 = 0.2 m
v = 36 km/h =
Doppler shifts at C and A are equal in value = |f| = ( v / ) cos
= ( 36000/3600)/0.2 x (9,95/10) 50 Hz
Doppler shift at A is +50 Hz, as Cos is positive
Doppler shift at C is -50 Hz, as Cos is a negative value

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 12