HISTORY OF PLUMBING/

GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO
PLUMBING AND SANITARY
SYSTEMS
RACUYA, FRANCIS KIT
ULEP, ALEX JOHN CARLO S.
VILLARUBIA, YNAH MONIKKE P.

 TERMINOLOGIES-----------------------------------------------------------4
HISTORY---------------------------------------------------------------------11
INTRODUCTION-----------------------------------------------------------26
REFERENCES----------------------------------------------------------------38
QUESTIONS-----------------------------------------------------------------40

TERMINOLO
GIES

TERMINOLO
GY is defined as
PLUMBING

the art and science of

installing pipes, fixtures
and other apparatus to
convey and supply water in
buildings and to dispose
and discharge waste water
and other liquids, gases
and other substances out of
buildings in a safe, orderly,
healthy and sanitary way to
ensure the health and
sanitation of life and
property.

 SOLID WASTE that is being

discharged by water closet
LIQUID WASTE that are coming
from various fixtures
VALVE is a device that
regulates, directs or controls the
flow of a fluid by opening,
closing, or partially obstructing
various passageways
PIPING is a system of pipes
used to convey fluids (liquids and
gases) from one location to
another

 PLUMBING FIXTURE is an
exchangeable device which
can be connected to
aplumbing system to deliver
and drain water. i.e. lavatory,
water closet, bidet

DRAINAGE SYSTEM a
facility to dispose of
liquid waste

 TRAP a device or fitting that provides a liquid seal to

prevent the emission of sewer gases without materially
retarding the flow of sewage or wastewater through it.
VENT any pipe provided to ventilate a plumbing
system in order to prevent backpressure and trap
siphonage, or to equalize the air pressure within the
drainage system.

TWO MAIN OBJECTIVES

To supply water to
different parts of the
building
To remove and
discharge human
wastes and other
substances out of
building into the public
sewer or septic tank.

HISTORY

HISTORY
Since the dawn of civilization, plumbing and sanitation
has been a part of human lives. All human beings,
regardless of culture and race had been practicing the
act of disposing waste since time immemorial.
Historians, in their attempt to trace the history of
plumbing, events which had been brought about
changes that led towards the plumbing system we know
today had thoroughly formulated records of
chronological events.

Indus Valley (Pakistan and northwest

India today)
The first artifact to have
been unearthed was a
copper pipe used in the
water system in the
ancient palace ruins in the
Indus Valley. It was
estimated to be 5,500
years old. Such discovery
established the earliest
known knowledge on
plumbing systems.

 The system the Indus developed

and managed included a number
of advanced features. In this
Indus city, all houses had their
own private toilet, connected to
a covered sewer network
constructed of brickwork held
together with a gypsum-based
mortar that emptied either into
the surrounding water bodies or
alternatively into cesspits, the
latter of which were regularly
emptied and cleaned.

Egyptian
Around 2,500 BC, the Egyptians
used copper pipes in their
irrigation and sewerage
systems. In the ancient Babylon,
the science of hydraulics had
been established as evidenced
by their skilful planning in their
network of canals. The
inhabitants of Crete to collect
water for drinking, washing,
bathing and cooking purposes,
constructed freshwater cisterns.

 Found in the tombs and temples

of rulers, much of this tubing
remains in an excellent, even
functional, state more than 5000
years after its first use. This is
because the very malleable
copper is not as susceptible to
corrosion as other metals, which
is why it is still used today for
pipes. Unlike plastic, copper does
not give off fumes, melt, or burn.
In addition, copper has
antibacterial properties that help
to ward off microorganisms.

 The ancient Greek

civilization of Crete,
known as the Minoan
civilization, was the first
civilization to use
underground clay pipes
for sanitation and water
supply.

Roman
During the Roman Empire, enormous concerns on the
field of sanitation and plumbing had been observed
those times. Aqueducts were built to convey water from
sources to houses.

 Extensive underground
sewer systems were
constructed.
Notable among these
developments is the
construction of
underground public water
supply system made of
cast lead sections.
The word plumbing
came from the word
plumbum (Lead) which is

The Baths of Diocletian (3,200

bathers)
Public baths had
proliferated.

 In addition, Roman
bathhouses also includes
public latrines,

PLUMBING
IN THE
PHILIPPINES

 Birth of plumbing profession traced back into the 17th

century as Spaniards established Walled City known as
Intramuros as a model community
In 1902, the plumbing trade was duly recognized by the
government.
Master plumber John F. Hass became the 1st Chief of
Division of Plumbing Construction
Plumbing code based on US was implemented in the
city of Manila

GENERAL
INTRODUCTION
ON PLUMBING
AND SANITARY
SYSTEMS

The major categories of plumbing

systems or subsystems are:

POTABLE COLD AND HOT TAP WATER SUPPLY

This supply may come from several possible sources.

Municipal water supply
Water wells
Processed water from creeks, streams, rivers, lakes, rainwater, etc.
Domestic water systems have been evolving since people first located their homes near a
running water supply, such as a stream or river. The water flow also allowed sending waste
water away from the residences.
Modern indoor plumbing delivers clean, safe, potable water to each service point in the
distribution system.[citation needed] It is important that the clean water not be contaminated
by the waste water (disposal) side of the process system
Domestic hot water is provided by means of water heater appliances, or through district
heating. The hot water from these units is then piped to the various fixtures and appliances
that require hot water, such as lavatories, sinks, bathtubs, showers, washing machines, and
dishwashers.

PLUMBING, DRAINAGE AND VENTING

SEPTIC SYSTEMS

 A septic system is a highly efficient, self-contained, underground

wastewater treatment system. Because septic systems treat and dispose
of household wastewater onsite, they are often more economical than
centralized sewer systems in rural areas where lot sizes are larger and
houses are spaced widely apart. Septic systems are also simple in design,
which make them generally less expensive to install and maintain. And by
using natural processes to treat the wastewater onsite, usually in a
homeowner's backyard, septic systems don't require the installation of
miles of sewer lines, making them less disruptive to the environment

Rainwater, surface, and subsurface water drainage

 'Surface water' is another word for rainwater more specifically, rainwater

that falls on the ground, on roofs and roads, pavements and paths. And you
might not realise it, but you could be paying less for your water bills if
surface water from your property doesnt drain into any of our sewers.
Subsurface water Drainage
A subsurface drainage system consists of a surface or subsurface outlet
and subsurface main drains and laterals. Water is carried into the outlet by
main drains, which receive water from the laterals. Submains are sometimes
used off the main drain to collect water.

FUEL GAS PIPING

For their environmental benefit and sizable energy

savings, hot water heat recycling units are being
installed in residential buildings. Ecological
concerns and water shortages have increased
interest in graywater recovery and treatment
systems.
Plumbing may also include hydronics, which
involves heating and cooling systems utilizing water
to transport thermal energy. The New York City
steam system is an example of a large district
heating system.

REFERENCES
references:
- PLUMBING DESIGN AND ESTIMATE (SECOND EDITION)
by: MAX B. FAJARDO JR.
http://
www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/plumbing
20.pdf
http://www.meetkevin.com/which-plumbing-did-ancientegyptians-use
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing#History
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_water_supply_and
_sanitation
http://www.scribd.com/doc/239877171/History-of-Plumbin

TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE 1. 'Surface water' is another word for rainwater.
FALSE2. International hot water is provided by means of water heater
appliances, or through district heating.
TRUE 3. One of the main objectives of plumbing is to supply water to
different parts of the building.
TRUE 4. A septic system is a highly efficient, self-contained, underground
wastewater treatment system.
FALSE5. The New Jersey steam system is an example of a large district
heating system.

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A waste that is being discharged by water closet.
A.) Waste
B.) Solid Waste
C.) Liquid Waste
2.) Wastes that are coming from various fixtures.
A.) Gas Waste
B.) Solid Waste
C.) Liquid Waste

MULTIPLE CHOICE
3.) Which is NOT an example of a plumbing fixture.
A.) Bidet
B.) Lavatory
C.) Water

4.) Any pipe provided to ventilate a plumbing system in order to prevent

backpressure and trap siphonage, or to equalize the air pressure within the
drainage system.
A.) Vent
B.) Trap
C.) Valve

MULTIPLE CHOICE
5.) Is an exchangeable device which can be connected to
aplumbing system to deliver and drain water.
A.) Valve
B.) Plumbing Fixture
C.) Vent

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1.) Minoan civilization, was the first civilization to use
clay
underground
_____ pipes for sanitation and water supply.
2.) During the Roman Empire, enormous concerns on the field of
Aqueduc
sanitation and plumbing had been observed those times.
___________ were built to convey water from sources tots
houses.

3,200
3.) The Baths of Diocletian can accommodate
________ bathers.

Plumbu
4.) The word plumbing came from the word ___________ (Lead)
m on pipes.
which is a commonly used material by Romans
John F.
5.) Master plumber ________________ became the 1 st Chief of
Hass
Division of Plumbing Construction