Analysis of Beams in Bending

(5.1-5.3)
MAE 314 Solid Mechanics
Yun Jing

Analysis of Beams in Bending

Bending Moment Along a Beam

In this chapter, we will learn how to find the bending

moment M along the beam.
M is not necessarily constant; sometimes M is a function of
x.
We will also solve for the shear force V(x), which will be
used in Chapter 6.
As before, we need a new FBD every time the loading
changes.
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1

Analysis of Beams in Bending

Review of Beam Supports

3 equilibrium equations: FY = 0, FX = 0, M = 0

Ignore the horizontal (x-direction) components, because

these are axial loading.
R1

R3
R2

R1

R2

R1

R3
R2

R3

R4

R1 M
1

R2

Analysis of Beams in Bending

R3

R1 M
1

R1 M1

R2

R2

R4

R3 M2

Sign Convention

Recall the applied loading results in both a bending

moment M and a shear force V.

Positive shear and bending moment

Analysis of Beams in Bending

Analysis of Beams in Bending

Analysis of Beams in Bending

Analysis of Beams in Bending

Example Problem
Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam
and
loading shown, and determine the maximum absolute value (a)
of the
shear and (b) of the bending moment.

Analysis of Beams in Bending

Relations Between F, V, and M

For beams with more complicated loading, it is helpful to

develop a relationship between load, shear and bending
moment.

Sum
Fy forces
V (V in
the
V ) vertical
wx 0direction.
V wx

dV
w
dx

xC '

or

VC ' VC wdx
xC

Analysis of Beams in Bending

Relations Between F, V, and M

Sum moment about C.

x
M C M M M Vx wx 2 0
1
2
M Vx w x
2

Neglect (x)2 term since it is much smaller than

x term.

dM
V
dx

xC '

or

M C ' M C V dx
xC

Analysis of Beams in Bending

10

Example Problem
Determine (a) the equations of the shear and bending moment
curves
for the beam and loading shown, and (b) the maximum
absolute value
of the bending moment in the beam.

Analysis of Beams in Bending

11

Example Problem
Draw the shear and bending-moment diagrams for the beam
and loading shown.

Analysis of Beams in Bending

12

Design of Beams in Bending

(5.4)
MAE 314 Solid Mechanics
Yun Jing

Design of Beams in Bending

13

Design of Beams for Bending

Recall the largest normal stress in the beam subject to

bending occurs at the surface and can be defined as

max

max

where

max

I
S
c

A safe design requires the maximum stress is no more than

the allowable stress (max all), so
S min

max

all

Design of Beams in Bending

14

Procedure for Design

Determine the value for all.

Draw shear and moment diagrams.

From the diagrams, determine the maximum
absolute bending moment.
Determine the minimum allowable value Smin.

Use Smin to determine best cross section

dimensions.

Timber beam: Smin = bh2/6

Rolled-steel beam: Use Appendix C in textbook

Design of Beams in Bending

15

Example Problem
For the beam and loading shown, design the cross section of
the beam,
knowing that the grade of timber used has an allowable normal
stress of
12 MPa.

Design of Beams in Bending

16

Example Problem
Knowing that the allowable stress for the steel used is 160
MPa, select
the most economical S-shape beam to support the loading
shown.

Design of Beams in Bending

17

Example Problem

A beam is to be made of steel that has an allowable

bending stress of 170MPa. Select an appropriate W shape
that will carry the loading shown in the figure below

Design of Beams in Bending

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