Analysis using FEM-(Fea)

BY:ANKIT KUMAR -2K10/ME/029

LALIT-2K10/ME/062
MAHESH KR. MEENA-2K10/ME/064
MIITESH SOLANKI-2K10/ME/070

DEFINITION:FEM stands for finite element method FEM is a

method for dividing up a very complicated problem
into small elements that can be solved in relation to
each other.
The finite element method (FEM) (its practical
application often
known as finite element analysis (FEA)) is a
numerical technique for finding approximate
solutions to partial
differential equations (PDE) and their systems, as
well as (less often) integral equations.
FEM is a special case of the more general Galerkin
method with polynomial approximation functions.
The solution
approach is based on eliminating the spatial

These equation systems are linear if the underlying

PDE is linear, and vice versa. Algebraic equation
systems are
solved using numerical linear algebra methods.
Ordinary differential equations that arise in transient
problems are
then numerically integrated using standard
Now a days
thisasmethod
techniques
such
Euler's (FEM-FEA)is
method or the Rungeverymethod.
popular and used in analysing a lot
Kutta
of cases.
As stated above this method particularly
deals with making partial differential
eqns. Then analysing them and then
solving them and representing the
results.

HISTORY OF FEM
originated from the need for solving complex
elasticity and structural analysis problems.
Development in the middle to late 1950s for
airframe and structural analysis.
development of the finite element software
NASTRAN in 1965
Apart from this
Richard Courant, Alexander Hrennikoff and Olgierd
Zienkiewicz from Imperial College done a lot in the
field of developing better possibilities for the method.
Courant's contribution was evolutionary

Various types of finite element methods

AEM
The Applied Element Method, or AEM combines
features of
both FEM and Discrete element
method, or (DEM).
Generalized finite element method
The Generalized Finite Element Method (GFEM) uses
local spaces
consisting of functions, not
necessarily
hp-FEM Polynomials.
The hp-FEM combines adaptively, elements with
variable size h and polynomial degree p in order to
achieve
exceptionally fast, exponential convergence rates.

 hpk-FEM
The hpk-FEM combines adaptively, elements with
variable size h, polynomial degree of the local
approximations p
and global differentiability of the local
approximations (k-1) in order to achieve best
convergence rates.
The finite difference method (FDM) is an
alternative way of approximating solutions of
PDEs.
FDM in its basic form is restricted to handle
rectangular shapes and simple alterations
There are several ways one could consider the
FDM a special case of the FEM approach. E.g., first
order FEM is
identical to FDM for Poisson's equation, if the
problem is discretized by a regular rectangular

Generally, FEM is the method of choice in all types of

analysis in structural mechanics
FEA as discussed in first slide is application of FEM is
used in most analysing cases. It consist of following
steps

Preprocessing:
formulating the problem.

Analysis

Post processing:
A typical postprocessor display overlays colored
contours

Using of softwares for computation

in earlier times FEM used to solve tough
equation for geometry of surface and other
applications and numerical values were
obatined which were then used in the results.
But now a days there are already made
programs by the programmers so that one
need not to write or think of the difficult
algorithm of the problems solution instead
the program can be used to calculate the
results which not only save times but also
increases the speed of computation.

FEM mesh created by an

analyst prior
to finding a solution to a
magnetic problem using
FEM software. Colours
indicate that the analyst
has set material
properties for each zone, in
this case a conducting wire
coil in orange; a
ferromagnetic component
(perhaps iron) in
light blue; and air in grey.
Although the geometry
may seem simple, it would
be very challenging to
calculate the
magnetic field for this
setup without FEM
software, using equations
alone.

FEM solution to the problem at left,

involving a cylindrically shaped magnetic shield.
The ferromagnetic cylindrical part is shielding the
area inside the
cylinder by diverting the magnetic field created by
the coil (rectangular area on the right). The color
represents the
amplitude of the magnetic flux density, as
indicated by the scale in the inset legend, red
being high amplitude. The
area inside the cylinder is low amplitude (dark
blue, with widely spaced lines of magnetic flux),
which suggests that
the shield is performing as it was designed to.