Ideas P rincipales y

Secundarias

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Ideas principales e ideas

secundarias
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Ideas principales e ideas

secundarias
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C onsejos de lectura:

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Lee elsiguiente texto e identifi

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ncipal
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Organizations are set up in specific ways to accomplish different

goals, and the structure of an organization can help or hinder its
progress toward accomplishing these goals. Organizations large and
small can achieve higher sales and other profit by properly matching
their needs with the structure they use to operate. There are three
main types of organizational structure: functional, divisional and
matrix structure. Functional structure is set up so that each portion
of the organization is grouped according to its purpose. In this type
of organization, for example, there may be a marketing department,
a sales department and a production department. Divisional
structure typically is used in larger companies that operate in a wide
geographic area or that have separate smaller organizations within
the umbrella group to cover different types of products or market
areas. For example, the now-defunct Tecumseh Products Company
was organized divisionally--with a small engine division, a
compressor division, a parts division and divisions for each
geographic area to handle specific needs. The third main type of
organizational structure, called the matrix structure, is a hybrid of
divisional and functional structure. Typically used in large
multinational companies, the matrix structure allows for the benefits
of functional and divisional structures to exist in one organization.

Main Idea:

Which of these are supporting details in the paragraph?

(likeAustralia,Canada,UnitedKingdom,ortheUnitedStates), a whitecollar
worker
is
a
personwhoperformsprofessional,managerial,oradministrativework
.Whitecollarworkisperformedinanoffice,cubicle,orotheradministrativesett
ing.Othertypesofworkarethoseofabluecollarworker,whosejobrequiresmanuallaborandapinkcollarworker,whoselaborisrelatedtocustomerinteraction,entertain
ment,sales,orotherserviceorientedwork.Manyoccupationsblendblue,whiteandpink(service)
industrycategorizations
Formerlyaminorityintheagrarianandearlyindustrialsocieties,whitecollarworkershavebecomeamajorityinindustrializedcountriesdueto
modernizationandoutsourcingofmanufacturingjobs.
Theblue-collarandwhitecollardescriptorsasitpertainstoworkdressmaynolongerbeanaccurat
edescriptorasofficeattirehasbroadenedbeyondawhiteshirtandtie.E
mployeesinofficeenvironmentsmaywearavarietyofcolors,maydress
businesscasualorwearcasualclothesaltogether.Inadditionworktasks
haveblurred."White-collar"employeesmayperform"bluecollar"tasks(orviceversa).Anexamplewouldbearestaurantmanager
whomaywearmoreformalclothingyetstillassistwithcookingfoodorta
kingcustomers'ordersoraconstructonworkerwhoalsoperformsdesk
work.

Which of these are supporting details in the paragraph?

Identifique la idea principal y secundarias de las siguientes lectura

a. - A growing trend in many organizations is to find

opportunities to serve others in a community
effort.2While participants expect to provide aid to
people less fortunate, they often discover
something else.3A community effort to complete a
project such as building a house can provide
gratifying results.4First, participants learn the art of
cooperation.5Working with a diverse group to
accomplish a monumental task such as laying
cinder block walls in 112 heat or cutting wood for
doors with only a hand saw offers an understanding
of what can be done as they connect with
others.6In addition, participants learn the art of
communication.7As a result, they also learn that
people are more alike than different.8Finally,
workers gain a sense of pride and confidence from
knowing they helped build something that will
shelter a family and provide a venue for happy
memories.

b.- 1Many businesses are honest, ethical, and

honorable.2However, some businesses use
ploys, or tricks, to attract their patrons.3For
example, one local furniture store uses the
tactic of no down payment, no interest for two
years.4Another trick used by other businesses
includes the offer of free items such as a
satellite dish or home security system.5While
it may look good initially to the consumer, he
or she must consider the required monthly and
yearly fees, which can compute to exorbitant
prices.6A third ploy is the attractive display ad
with nearly indiscernible fine print.7Savvy
shoppers learn to scrutinize the content of sale
flyers for hidden penalties and misleading or
omitted details
.

c.- Before you throw away that aluminum

can or plastic bottle, think
again.2Recycling has many advantages
that affect all of us.3For one, it creates
new industries, and it can also lead to the
evolution of new products from old
ones.4Used tires, for instance, often
become the material used as ground cover
to prevent erosion.5Another advantage in
recycling is that it reduces the amount of
trash transported to landfills, many of
which have surpassed their original
expected capacity and currently need to
be capped.

d.- 1The more privileged social classes are not

crime-free, of course, but for them different
illegitimate opportunities beckon.2They
findother formsof crime to be
functional.3Rather than mugging, pimping, and
burglary, the more privileged encounter
"opportunities" for evading income tax, bribing
public officials, embezzling from employers,
participating in fraud, and so on.4Physicians, for
example never hold up cabbies, but many do
cheat Medicare. Sociologist Edwin Sutherland
coined the termwhite-collar crimeto refer to
crimes that people of respectable and high social
status commit in the course of their occupations.