explain the natural world Geocentric view of the universe Ideas based on observations that seemed to be true
1564 1642 Italy
Perhaps the first true
scientist. Rolled and dropped objects to discover the true aspects of motion
1642-1727 England
Developed laws for
motion and gravity that explain why objects move, and worked with optics
3.1 Aristotle on Motion
Natural motion on Earth was thought to be either straight up or straight down. Objects seek their natural resting places: boulders on the ground and smoke high in the air like the clouds. Heavy things fall and very light things rise. Circular motion was natural for the heavens. These motions were considered naturalnot caused by forces.
3.3 Galileo on Motion
One of Galileos great contributions to physics was demolishing the notion that a force is necessary to keep an object moving. In other words, no push or pull would be required to keep it moving once it is set in motion.\ Galileo also stated that this tendency of a moving body to keep moving is natural and that every material object resists changes to its state of motion. The property of a body to resist changes to its state of motion is called inertia.
Newtons Laws of Motion are part of his theory of motion
Universally applied Can be used to predict motion Synthesizes previous testing and findings Attempts to explain why
3.1 Aristotle on Motion
1. Objects do not move without a force. 2. Objects in motion always require a force to keep them moving. 3. Objects seek their natural state, which is at rest. 4. Mechanical equilibrium can only be static.
3.1 Galileo and Newton on Motion
1. Objects do not change motion without unbalanced force. 2. Objects in motion do not always require a force to keep them moving. 3. Objects have two natural states of motion, at rest (static equilibrium) and moving at a constant speed and direction (dynamic equilibrium).
Simply put, things
tend to keep on doing what theyre already doing.
3.4 Newtons Law of Inertia
Is a force required to keep an object moving? Newtons first law, usually called the law of inertia, is a restatement of Galileos idea that a force is not needed to keep an object moving. Galileo argued that only when friction is present is a force needed to keep an object moving. Galileo stated that if friction were entirely absent, a ball moving horizontally would move forever at the same speed and in the same direction (at a constant velocity).
3.4 Newtons Law of Inertia
The law of inertia provides a completely different way of viewing motion from the ancients. Objects continue to move by themselves. Forces are needed to overcome any friction that may be present and to set objects in motion initially. Once the object is moving in a force-free environment, it will move in a straight line indefinitely.