ELECTRICAL

INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Electrical Installation Design DET 207

Hasnizam Hanaf

CHAPTER 1

School of
Electrical

Introduction to
Electrical
Installation
Design

System

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Design of Power Distribution

System in Buildings
The best distribution system is
one that will, cost effectively and
safely, supply adequate electric
service to both present and
future probable loads
Function of the electric
power distribution system
To receive power at one or more
supply points and deliver it to
the individual lamps, motors,
and
all
other
electrically
operated devices.

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Basic Principles or Factor

Requiring Consideration
During Design
Functions of structure,
present and future.
Life and flexibility of
structure.
Locations of service
entrance and distribution
equipment, locations and
characteristics of loads,
locations of unit
substations.
Demand and diversity
factors of loads.
Sources of power; including
normal, standby and
emergency.
Continuity and quality of
power available and
required.

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Cont..Basic Principles or
Factor Requiring
Consideration During Design
Energy efficiency and
management.
Distribution and utilization
voltages.
Bus and/or cable feeders.
Distribution equipment and
motor control.
Power and lighting
distribution boards and
motor control centers.
Types of lighting systems.
Installation methods.
Power monitoring systems.
Electric utility
requirements.

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Goals of System Design

1) Safety
To design the power system
which will not present any
electrical hazard to the people
who utilize the facility, and/or
the utilization equipment fed
from the electrical system

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Goals of System Design

2) Minimum Initial Investment
The owners overall budget for
first
cost
purchase
and
installation of the electrical
distribution
system
and
electrical utilization equipment
will
be
a
key
factor
in
determining which of various
alternate system designs are to
be selected. When trying to
minimize initial investment for
electrical
equipment,
consideration should be given to
the cost of installation, floor
space requirements and possible
extra cooling requirements as
well as the initial purchase price

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Goals of System Design (Cont)

3) Maximum Service Continuity

The degree of service continuity and
needed will vary depending on the
use of the facility as well as the
process being supplied by the
distribution system.

reliability
type and
loads or
electrical

Typically, service continuity and reliability can

be increased by:
Supplying multiple utility power sources
or services
Supplying multiple connection paths to
loads served
Using short time rated power circuit
breakers

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Goals of System Design

(Cont)

Providing alternate customers owned

power sources such as generators or
batteries supplying uninterruptible power
supplies
Selecting the highest quality electrical
equipment and conductors
Using the best installation methods
Designing appropriate systems alarms,
monitoring and diagnostics
Selecting
preventative
maintenance
systems or equipment to alarm before an
outage occurs

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Goals of System Design

(Cont)

4) Maximum Flexibility & Expendability

In many industrial manufacturing plants,
electrical utilization loads are periodically
relocated or changed requiring changes in the
electrical distribution system. Consideration of
the layout and design of the electrical
distribution system to accommodate these
changes must be considered

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Goals of System Design

(Cont)

5) Maximum Electrical Efficiency (Minimum

Operating Costs)
Electrical
efficiency
can
generally
be
maximized
by
designing
systems
that
minimize
the
losses
in
conductors,
transformers and utilization equipment. Proper
voltage level selection plays a key factor in this
area and will be discussed later. Selecting
equipment, such as transformers, with lower
operating losses, generally means higher first
cost and increased floor space requirements;
thus, there is a balance to be considered
between the owners utility energy change for
the losses in the transformer or other
equipment versus the owners first cost budget
and cost of money.

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Goals of System Design

(Cont)

6) Minimum Maintenance Cost

Usually the simpler the electrical system design
and the simpler the electrical equipment, the
less the associated maintenance costs and
operator errors. As electrical systems and
equipment become more complicated to
provide greater service continuity or flexibility,
the maintenance costs and chance for operator
error increases. The systems should be
designed with an alternate power circuit to take
electrical
equipment
(requiring
periodic
maintenance) out of service without dropping
essential loads. Use of drawout type protective
devices such as breakers and combination
starters can also minimize maintenance cost
and out-of-service time.

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Goals of System Design

(Cont)

7) Maximum Power Quality

The power input requirements of all utilization
equipment has to be considered including the
acceptable operating range of the equipment
and the electrical distribution system has to
be designed to meet these needs

Low Voltage Distribution

System (Principles)

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

D B
SSB 1

D B
D B

D B
M SB

SSB 2

D B
D B

D B
SSB 3

D B
D B

M a in D is t r ib u t io n L e v e l

S u b D is t r ib u t io n L e v e l S u b D is t r ib u t io n L e v e l

Distribution from the

Main
Switchboard
(MSB)
At this level, power
from one or more
MV/LV
transformers
connected to the MV
network
of
the
electrical
utility
is
distributed to:
- Different areas of the
sites: shops in a
factory, homogeneous
production areas in
industrial premises,
floor in the office
buildings, etc.

Low Voltage Distribution

System (Principles)

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

D B
SSB 1

D B
D B

D B
M SB

SSB 2

D B
D B

D B
SSB 3

D B
D B

M a in D is t r ib u t io n L e v e l

S u b D is t r ib u t io n L e v e l S u b D is t r ib u t io n L e v e l

Centralised
high
power loads such as
air compressors and
water cooling units in
industrial processes or
air conditioners and
lifts in office buildings.
Sub distribution used
to distribute electricity
within each area
Final distribution, used
to supply the various
loads

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Low Voltage Distribution

System (Principles)

Basic Topologies
All distribution systems are combinations
of two basic topologies:
1.Star topologies: Radial or centralized
distribution
2.Bus topologies: Distribution using
busduct / busways (also referred to as
busbar trunking system)

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Low Voltage Distribution

System (Principles)

Star
Topologies

Bus Topologies

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Selecting a Distribution
Schemes

The LV distribution scheme is selected according

to:

Energy availability requirements

The criterion of independent circuits to
different parts of an installation makes it
possible to:
1. Limit the consequences of a fault to the
circuit concerned
2. Simply fault locating
3. Carry out maintenance work or circuit
extensions without interrupting the
supply of power to the whole installation.

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Selecting a Distribution
Schemes

Size of the site (area & total power to be

distributed)
Small sites are supplied directly by the utilitys
LV network and the size and power
requirements of the installation do not justify a
three level distribution system. Electrical
distribution in all premises (stores, homes,
small offices) most often involves only one or
two levels.

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Selecting a Distribution
Schemes

Load layout (equipment and power density)

Two types of loads, depending on their layout on
the site, must be taken in account:
Concentrated load, generally corresponding
to building utilities used for the entire site
and requiring high power (e.g. centralized air
conditioning units, lifts, refrigeration units in
supermarket)
Distributed loads that can be dealt with in
groups corresponding to a homogeneous
area (floor, factory shop, production line) and
characterized by two parameters: power
density (in VA/m2) and equipment density (in
number of devices per 10 or 100m 2)

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Selecting a Distribution
Schemes

Installation flexibility requirements

Installation flexibility is an increasingly
important requirement, in particular for
commercial and industrial premises.

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Rules and Statutory Regulations

Low-voltage installations are governed by a

number of regulatory and advisory texts, which
may be classified as follows:
1. Statutory regulations (decrees, factory
acts, etc.),
2. Codes of practice, regulations issued by
professional institutions, job specifications,
3. National and international standards for
installations,
4. National and international standards for
products.

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Rules and Statutory Regulations

The electricity supply and installation practice

in Peninsular Malaysia are governed by the
following:
1. Electricity Supply Act 1990 Act 447
2. Licensee Supply Regulation 1990
3. Electricity Regulation 1994
4. OSHA 1994 Occupational, Safety & Health
Act
5. Malaysia Standard MS IEC 60364 Electrical
Installation of Buildings
6. The current edition of the IEE Wiring
Regulations for Electrical Installations,
where necessary (IEE Wiring Regulation 16
&17 th Edition)
7. Electricity Supply (Successor Company) Act
1990 Act 448

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Defnitions of Voltage Ranges

In Malaysia, the design criteria are

developed by Tenaga Nasional Berhad
(TNB) for steady state supply voltage
level fluctuation of the low voltage
system can be divided into:
Steady state voltage level fluctuation
under normal condition: 415V/240V 10%
to +5%.
Steady state voltage level fluctuation
under contingency condition: 415V/240V
10%.

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

TNB Supply Schemes and Maximum

Demand Level for Low Voltage
System

Typical supply schemes for various Maximum

Demand (MD) levels
MD Ranges of
Individual
Customer

Supply
Voltage

Typical Supply
Scheme

Up to 12kVA

240V

Overhead services
from LV mains

12kVA to 100kVA

415V

Three phase
overhead or
underground cable
service from existing
LV mains

100kVA to 1000kVA

415V

Direct cable services

from LV board from a
substation

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

TNB Supply Schemes and Maximum

Demand Level for Low Voltage
System

Range of Maximum Demand (MD) for domestic customer

subclasses or premises
No

Type of Premises

Minimu
m
(kW)

Averag
e
(kW)

Maximu
m
(kW)

Low cost flats, single

storey
terrace

1.5

2.0

3.0

Double storey terrace or

apartment

3.0

4.0

5.0

Single storey,
semidetached

3.0

5.0

7.0

Single storey bungalow &

three room condominium

5.0

7.0

10.0

Double storey bungalow

&
luxury condominium

8.0

12.0

15.0

TNB Supply Schemes and

Maximum Demand Level for
Low Voltage System

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

No

Range of Maximum Demand (MD) for types of shop

houses
Type of Premises
Minimu Averag Maximu
m
e
m
(kW)
(kW)
(kW)

Single
semidetached

Double
house

10

15

15

20

25

Three storey shop house

20

30

35

Four storey shop house

25

35

45

Five storey shop house

30

40

55

storey

storey,
shop

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Rules and Statutory

Regulations

Types of supply applications are

provided by TNB can be classifed
into three types:

Supply application for load up to

100kVA
Supply
usually
from
existing
supply mains
Submission of applications to
TNBD by Electrical Contractor
registered
with
Suruhanjaya
Tenaga (ST)
Processing period for supply will
take a maximum of 3 weeks upon
approval
from
the
local
authorities.

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
DESIGN

Rules and Statutory

Regulations

Supply
application
for
load
exceeding 100kVA
Supply
may
require
establishment of new substation
Submission of applications to
TNBD by Consultant Engineer
Processing period for supply may
take between 6 months to 3
years depending on the extent of
electrical infrastructure required.
Supply application for streetlight
Application made by the local
authority/government
department
Application by developer
Application by individual