Sexual Reproduction in

Humans

MALE AND FEMALE

REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY
AND PHYSIOLOGY

Objectives
State the function of major male
reproductive parts
Draw and Annotate Male Reproductive
system
Know the function of major female
reproductive structures
Gametogenesis
Draw and annotate a mature human
sperm
Draw and annotate a mature human

Human Reproduction
Humans, like all mammals, reproduce sexually
Reproduction in humans involve:
Gametogenesis: production of male and female
gametes
Fertilisation: fusion of the nuclei of the male and
female gametes
Pregnancy and birth

Like any body physiology, it is hormone

regulated
Gonads: The major male or female
reproductive organs that make the male and
female sex cells

Male Reproductive
Anatomy

Frontal View

Lateral (Side) View

Male Reproductive
Anatomy
Testes: male gonads that produce sperm in highly coiled
seminiferous tubules
The Leydig cells, scattered in the tubules, produce
testosterone and other androgens
Scrotum: The sac of folded skin that holds the testes and
keeps them cooler than normal body temperature.
Epididymis: a coiled 6m long duct where sperm are stored
during maturation.
Prostate gland: walnut-sized exocrine gland that
produces large portion of seminal fluid containing enzymes,
proteins, and other chemicals to support and protect sperm
during ejaculation
The bulbourethral gland/ Cowper's gland:
anexocrinegland which secretes a clear fluid known as
pre-ejaculate that neutralizes any acid residue in the
urethra left over from urine
Seminal vesiclesare a pair of lumpy exocrine glandsthat
produces liquid portion of semen

Female Reproductive
System
Ovary: small glands about the
size and shape of almonds;
female gonads
Oviduct/Fallopian tube: allows
sperm to enter from uterus,
carries egg from ovary to uterus;
site of fertilisation
Endometrium: The inner lining
of the uterus; allows fertilised
egg to form placental attachment
Myometrium: smooth muscle
which contracts during childbirth
to push the fetus through the
birth canal.
Cervix: ring of muscles that
separate vagina from uterus
Vagina: where sperm are
introduced during intercourse

Oogenesis- Ovum Formation

A single ovum egg cell is produced
from a primary oocyte in the ovary.
The female ovaries contain the
primary oocytes at birth.
The production of one egg cell via
oogenesis normally occurs only
once a month, from puberty to
menopause.

Oogenesis vs
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis
1o spermatocyte divides to
form two 20 spermatocytes
Each 20 spermatocytes
divides to form 2
spermatids
Diploid spermatogium form
4 haploid sperm
(gamete)
Sperm fully mature in
testes
Starting at puberty, a male
carries out
spermatogenesis single
day for the rest of his life.

Oogenesis
1o oocyte divides to form one
2o oocyte and one polar body
2o oocyte divides to form one
ovum and one polar body
Diploid oogonium form 1
haploid ovum(gamete)
Ovum fully mature outside of
ovary after fertilisation
The production of one egg
cell via oogenesis normally
occurs only once a month,
from puberty to
menopause.

Oogenesis vs Spermatogenesi