2-1

2-6

2-2 - (V-I)

2-7

2-3

2-8

2-4

2-9

2-5

2-10

1-4 N P
N ( N-Type Semiconductor)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

1-17
2/112

 P (P-Type Semiconductor)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

1-18
3/112

1-5 PN

2-1

PN (PN junction)

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

1-19
4/112

 (Depletion region)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

1-19( )
5/112

2-1

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

Anode
Cathode
Depletion region

2-10

2-1
6/112

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-2
7/112

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-3
8/112

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

2-4

9/112

2-10

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-5

10/112

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-6
11/112

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-7

12/112

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-8

13/112

2-2 - (V-I)
VBIAS
VF IF

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-9
14/112

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

2-10
Knee

15/112

2-10

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-11
16/112

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

Barrier Potential

2-12
17/112

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-13
18/112

2-3
(Forward-bias) (reverse-bias)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-14
19/112

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-15
20/112

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-16

21/112

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-17

22/112

 2-1
(a) 2-18 (a)


r'd 10

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-18
23/112

 2-1
(b) 2-18 (b)

IR 1 A

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-18
24/112

 2-1

2-1

(a)

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7

2-8
2-9
2-10

25/112

 2-1

2-1

(a)

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

26/112

 2-1

2-1

(b)

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6

2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

27/112

 2-1

2-1

(b)

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

28/112

2-4 (Half-wave rectifier)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-19
regulator
29/112

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-20
30/112

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8

2-21

2-9
2-10

Vavg=
31/112

 2-2
2-22

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6

2-22

2-7

2-8
2-9
2-10

VAVG VP 31.8 %
32/112

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

2-23

2-10

33/112

 2-3
2-24
1N4001
1N4003

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8

2-24

2-9
2-10

34/112

 2-3

2-1

(a)

2-2
2-3
2-4

(b)

2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

35/112

 2-3

2-1

2-25
(b)
0.7% (a)
14%

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-25

36/112

 (Peak Inverse Voltage PIV)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-26
37/112

 (Transformer-Coupling)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

2-27

38/112

2-10

 Transformer

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

39/112

 2-4
2-28 0.5

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6

2-28

2-7

2-8
2-9

40/112

2-10

 2-4

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4

VP(sec)

2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

41/112

2-5
(full-wave rectifier)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5

2-29

2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

42/112

 2-5
2-30

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5

2-30

2-6

2-7
2-8
2-9

VAVG VP 63.7 %

43/112

2-10

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-31

44/112

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-32
45/112

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

2-33

46/112

2-10

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

2-34

47/112

2-10

 (Peak
Inverse Voltage)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-35
48/112

 (Peak
Inverse Voltage)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

49/112

 2-6
(a) 100 V 2-36

(b) PIV

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-36
50/112

 2-6

2-1

(a) 0.5

25V
25
V
0.7V
2-37

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-37
51/112

 2-6

2-1

(b) PIV

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

52/112

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-38
53/112

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5

2-39

2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

54/112

 (Peak Inverse
Voltage)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

55/112

 D3 D4

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8

2-40

2-9
2-10

56/112

 2-7
2-41
PIV

120 V
12Vrms

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

57/112

 2-7

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

2-41

PIV
58/112

2-10

2-6

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-42
59/112

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-43
60/112

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7

2-43( )

2-8
2-9
2-10

61/112

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-44
62/112

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-45
63/112

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-46
64/112

 (Ripple Factor)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7

2-47

2-8
2-9
2-10

65/112

 2-8
2-48

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8

2-48

2-9
2-10

66/112

 2-8

2-1

n= 0.1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

120 Hz

67/112

2-10

 2-8

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5

2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

3.9%

68/112

2-10

 (Surge Current in
the Capacitor-Input Filter)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8

2-49

69/112

2-9
2-10

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7

2-50

2-8
2-9
2-10

70/112

 5.0V

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7

2-51

2-8
2-9
2-10

71/112

 2-9
7805
5.18 V 5.15 V

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

72/112

2-7
( Clipper)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-52
73/112

 2-10
2-53

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

2-53

74/112

2-10

 2-10

2-1

0.7V

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7

2-54

2-8
2-9
2-10

2-54
75/112

 (Biased Limiters)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8

2-55

2-9
2-10

76/112

 (Biased Limiters)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8

2-56

2-9
2-10

77/112

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-57
78/112

 2-11

2-58

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

2-58

79/112

2-10

 2-11

2-1

A 5.7V D1
5.7V
D2 5.7 V
5.7 V
5.7 V
2-59

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-59
80/112

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8

2-60

2-9
2-10

81/112

 2-12
2-61

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7

2-61

2-8
2-9
2-10

82/112

 2-12

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5

2-62

VBIAS 0.7V

2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-62
83/112

 (Diode Clampers)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-63
84/112

 (Diode Clampers)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7

2-64

2-8
2-9
2-10

85/112

 2-13
2-65 RL
RC

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

2-65

86/112

2-10

 2-13

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5

0.7V 2-66
2-66
87/112

2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-8
(Half-Wave Voltage Doubler)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-67 VP
88/112

 (Full-Wave Voltage Doubler)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

2-68

89/112

2-10

 (Voltage Tripler)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

2-69

90/112

2-10

 (Voltage Quadrupler)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

2-70

91/112

2-10

2-9

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-71
92/112


2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-71( )
93/112

 (Absolute Maximum Ratings)

VRRM

1N4001 50 V
1N4007 1000 V

(PIV)
IF(AV)
60Hz

1.0A 75C

94/112

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

 IFSM

Tstg

TJ

8.3ms

30A

pn

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

95/112

 (Thermal Characteristics)
PD

PJA

96/112

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10


VF

Irr

( Electrical Characteristics )
1A

75

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

97/112

 IR

CT

(VRRM)

1MHz

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

98/112

 (The Forward Current

Derating Curve)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-72
99/112

 (Forward Characteristics Curve)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-73
100/112

 (Nonrepetitive Surge Current)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-74
101/112

 (Reverse Characteristics)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-75
102/112

2-10

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-85
103/112

 ( The Rectifier Diodes )

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-86

104/112

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-87
105/112

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-88
106/112

 Multisim

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-89
107/112

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-89
108/112

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

2-90
62

109/112

2-10

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

2-91

110/112

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6

GA2-1

2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

111/112

2-1

2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

GA2-2
112/112

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

GA2-3
113/112

 (on/off)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

GA2-4

114/112

2-10

 (PWM)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

GA2-5
115/112

 - (V-I)

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

GA2-6
116/112

 MPPT

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6

GA2-7

2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

117/112