Confined Space Operation

CONFINED SPACE
OPERATIONS
FOR SUPERVISORS
Brought to you by:
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146

CORPORATE
SAFETY TRAINING
ABOUT THIS COURSE
YOUR SAFETY IS CRITICAL:
This course is intended to provide a general overview of the

safety related work practices typically employed to provide
a safe and healthful working environment for company
employees, visitors and sub-contractors regarding the
workplace hazards associated with confined spaces. It
provides training in the safe-work concepts and techniques
required by the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) to ensure workplace safety.
Your safety is critical. Where you are unsure of a particular
course of action regarding this topic, you should safely
secure your work area and report to your supervisor.
Confined Space - SLIDE 2 OF 138
COURSE OBJECTIVES
WHAT WE WILL COVER DURING THIS TRAINING:
Establish Confined Spaces Role in Todays Industry.

Discuss OSHAS requirements for Confined Spaces.
Discuss Principle Hazards involved with CS Entry.
Discuss Basic Skills in Hazard Recognition & Control.
Discuss Confined Space Assessment Techniques.
Discuss Confined Space Fall Protection Systems.
Discuss Hazards Associated with Fall Protection.
Discuss Rescue and Retrieval Requirements.
OBJECTIVES
BASIS FOR THIS COURSE
WHY THIS TRAINING IS ESSENTIAL TO YOUR SAFETY AT WORK:
1.6 Million Workers Enter Confined Spaces Annually.

The Standard Is Expected To Reduce Accidents By 85%.
Untrained Rescuers Account For 60% Of Annual Deaths.
Most Workers Who Survive Lose Time From Their Job.
This Training Helps Improve:
Safety
Morale
Productivity
Employee well-being
COURSE ATTENDEES
WHO SHOULD ATTEND THIS TRAINING SESSION:
Employee Who Come Into Contact With Chemicals.

Employee Who Come Into Contact With Hazardous Materials.
Any Employee Required to Use a Material Safety Data Sheet.
Facility Engineers.
Process Engineers.
Safety Committees.
Corporate Managers.
Department Managers.
First Line Supervisors.
Maintenance Departments.
Accident Investigation Team Members.
ABOUT THIS COURSE
FORWARD:
THE TRUTH: Confined Space Operations Training Literally
Can Save Your Life. The Key to Safe and Successful Entries
Into Complex Confined Spaces Is Extraordinary Preplanning,
Preparation, Equipping, Training and Practice. For Retrievals,
Actual Practice Removals Using Volunteers or Dummies to
Get the Feel of Real Life Victim Handling Is Essential. Plan for
All Eventualities That Could Conceivably Occur. Failing to
Plan Means Planning to Fail. Never Underestimate the
Hazards Associated With Confined Spaces. Confined Space
Operations Are ALWAYS a Team Effort.
PLEASE READ
REGULATORY STANDARD
THE GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE:

Purpose: The General Duty Clause Provides Enforcement Action
Where No Specific OSHA Regulations Cover a Particular Hazard.
FEDERAL - 29 CFR 1903.1

EMPLOYERS MUST: Furnish a Place of Employment Free of
Recognized Hazards That Are Causing or Are Likely to Cause Death
or Serious Physical Harm to Employees. Employers Must Comply
With Occupational Safety and Health Standards Promulgated Under
the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.
OSHA ACT OF 1970
REGULATORY STANDARD
REGULATIONS THAT APPLY TO CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS:
ANSI - American National Standards Institute:

Z177.1 - 2003 - Safety Requirements For Confined Space Operations.
Z359.1 - 1992 - Safety Requirements For Fall Arrest Systems.
A10.14 - 1991 - Requirements For Safety Belts, Lanyards And
Lifelines For Construction And Demolition Use.
Safety
In
Confined
Spaces
Safety Requirements
For Personal Fall
Arrest Systems,
Subsystems And
Components.
REGULATORY STANDARD
CONTENTS OF 29 CFR 1910.146:

A. Scope and Application - Practices and Procedures.
B. Definitions.
C. General Requirements.
D. Permit-required Confined Space Program.
E. Permit System.
F. Entry Permit.
G. Training Requirements.
H. Duties of Authorized Entrants.
I. Duties of Attendants.
J. Duties of Entry Supervisors.
K. Rescue and Emergency Services.
REGULATORY STANDARD
APPENDICES TO 29 CFR 1910.146:

Appendix A - Permit-required Confined Space Decision Flow Chart.
Appendix B - Procedures for Atmospheric Testing.
Appendix C - Permit-required Confined Space Programs.
Appendix D - Confined Space Entry Permit (Nonmandatory).
Appendix E - Sewer System Entry (Nonmandatory).
REGULATORY STANDARD
REGULATIONS THAT APPLY TO CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS:
OSHA - Occupational Safety & Health Administration:

29CFR - SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS
1910 - GENERAL INDUSTRY
146 - CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS
Jan 14, 1993 - Enacted.
Apr 15, 1993 - Final Rule Took Effect.
GENERAL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
ALL EMPLOYERS MUST:
Institute Safe Work Practices.

Review Job Specific CS Hazards.
Conduct CS Hazard Assessments.
Post Danger Signs Near Confined Spaces.
Certify That Assessments Have Been Done.
Provide Training To All Required Employees.
Coordinate CS Operations With Contractors.
Install Engineering Controls Where Possible.
Institute Administrative Controls Where Possible.
Control Hazards Using PPE As A Last Resort.
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
THE EMPLOYER MUST PROVIDE TRAINING:
CS Entry Requirements.
Recognition Of CS Hazards.
The Limitations Of CS Equipment.
The Proper Use Of CS Equipment.
When CS Equipment Is Necessary.
What CS Equipment Is Necessary.
Care And Maintenance Of CS PPE.
The Requirements and Procedures for Rescue.
Training Must Establish Proficiency.
Train All Employees Prior To Job Assignment.
RETRAINING REQUIREMENTS
REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A:
Program Related Injury.

A Near Miss/Close Call.
New Work-Area Hazard.
Change in Job Assignment.
New Equipment Introduced.
New Hazard Control Methods.
Failure in Written Work Procedures.
Failure in the Safety Work Practices.
Reason to Doubt Employee Proficiency.
When a Specific Safety Regulation Requires Refresher Training.
TRAINING IS IMPORTANT
A GOOD PROGRAM WILL HELP:
Reduce Fatalities.
Reduce Injury and Illness Rates.
Acceptance of High-turnover Jobs.
Workers Feel Better About Their Work.
Reduce Workers Compensation Costs.
Elevate Safety to a Higher Level of Awareness.
SAFETY
TRAINING
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION REQUIRES:

Dedication.
Personal Interest.
Management Commitment.
NOTE:
UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORT FROM THE WORK FORCE
IS ESSENTIAL, WITHOUT IT THE PROGRAM WILL FAIL!
DEVELOPMENT SEQUENCE:
Establish Responsibility.
Establish Policy and Develop Rules.
Conduct a Confined Space Hazard Analysis of the Facility.
Determine Appropriate Confined Space Hazard Control Measures.
Eliminate Confined Spaces Where Possible.
Provide Protection Where Hazard Elimination Is Not Possible.
Conduct Training.
Perform Inspections and Maintenance.
Periodically Audit the Program.
Modify Policies and Rules As Appropriate.
DEVELOPMENT SEQUENCE:
Goal - Eliminate or Reduce Confined Space Hazards By:
1. Elimination of Potential Work Areas Having Confined Spaces.
2. Substitution of Equipment Having Confined Spaces.
3. Implementation of Presurveyed Engineering Controls.
4. Providing Adequate Warnings to Employees.
5. Implementation of Safer Work Procedures.
6. Implementation of Revised Training.
7. Use of Personal Protective Equipment.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY:
RECOGNITION
EVALUATION
CONTROL
RECOGNITION OF SITE CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS:

Assessment Of Confined Space Hazards Includes:
Site Locations Having Confined Spaces.
Jobs Requiring Confined Space Entries.
Jobs/Locations Having Had Recent Operational Changes.
Jobs/Locations With New Equipment or Processes.
New Jobs Having Little or No Statistical Injury Data.
RECOGNITION
RECOGNITION OF SITE CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS:

Prioritization Considerations:
Likelihood That the Operation Will Have an Injury.
Consequences of an Injury at the Worksite.
Severity of Injuries As a Result of a CS Entry.
The Length Exposure to the Confined Space Hazard.
Procedures Necessary for Retrieval or Rescue.
RECOGNITION
EVALUATION OF SITE CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS:

Evaluation:
An Evaluation of the Location of Site Confined Spaces.
An Evaluation of the Nature or Use of Site Confined Spaces.
An Evaluation of the Hazards Within Site Confined Spaces.
Jobs/Locations With a High Incidence of CS Injury.
Jobs/Locations With a High Incidence of CS Close-Calls.
A Determination of the Site Safety Control Measures.
EVALUATION
CONTROL ON HAZARDS WITHIN THE WORK ENVIRONMENT:
Control:
Implementation of Strategies Designed to Eliminate Site
Confined Spaces.
Implementation of Predetermined Control Measures Designed
to Eliminate or Reduce Confined Space Hazards.
Follow-up Evaluations at Predetermined Intervals to Ensure
Control Measures Are Continually Effective.
CONTROL
CONTROL MEASURES:
Control Measures Considerations:
Capital Improvement Plan to Eliminated Spaces.
Costs Involved in Implementing Control Measures.
Length of Time Necessary for Implementation.
Level of Urgency in Implementation.
Compatibility With Existing Controls.
Anticipated Problems With Employee Use.
CONTROL
KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS
KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS INCLUDE:
Training.
Written Program.
Safety Committee.
Permit Usage And Annual Review.
Confined Space Hazard Assessments.
Confined Space Hazard Prevention And Control.
CONFINED SPACE TRAINING:
Job-specific Hazard Training.

Training For Facility Engineers.
Annual Awareness Training.
Scheduled Refresher Training.
Retraining Based On Proficiency Deficiencies.
Training For:
Affected Employees.
Managers.
Supervisors.
Maintenance Personnel.
Contractors?
SITE ASSESSMENTS:
Confined Space Assessments:
Systematic Site Analysis.
Departmental Surveys.
Job Hazard Analysis.
SAFETY COMMITTEE CONSIDERATIONS - GENERAL:
Develop A Charter.
Document Meetings.
Hold Regular Meetings.
Encourage Employee Involvement.
Provided Feedback Without Fear Of Reprisal.
Make Recommendations For Corrective Action.
Analyze Statistical Data Concerning Job Hazards
Bring Complaints, Or Suggestions To Management.
Consider Implementation of a Suggestion Program.
Follow-up At Predetermined Intervals.
Consider An Incentive Program.
Be Flexible.
SAFETY COMMITTEE CONSIDERATIONS - CS PROGRAM:

Include CS Hazard Topics During Regular Meetings.
Analyze Statistical Data Concerning Confined Space Hazards.
Make Recommendations to Management for Corrective Action.
Consider Safety Posters, Brochures Etc.
Encourage Employee Involvement in the CS Program.
Consider Implementation of a Suggestion Program.
Understand That Follow-up Is Critical.
CONFINED SPACE PROGRAM - MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS:
Support The CS Program.

Ensure Your Support Is Visible.
Visible Support Adds Credibility.
Get Involved In CS Safety. Learn!
Implement Ways To Measure Effectiveness.
Audit The Facility To Determine Specific Safety Needs.
Attend The Same Training As Your Workers.
Interact With Your Workers, Learn Their Problems.
Insist On Periodic Follow-up & Program Review.
Follow-up On The Actions You Took.
CONFINED SPACE PROGRAM - SUPERVISOR CONSIDERATIONS:
Support The CS Program.

Ensure Your Support Is Visible.
Visible Support Adds Credibility.
Get Involved In CS Safety. Learn!
Become A Model For Safe Behavior.
Never Ridicule Any Injury or Near Miss.
Find Ways to Measure Work Place Safety.
Attend The Same Training As Your Workers.
Audit - To Determine CS Safety Requirements.
Be Professional - You Could Save a Life Today.
Promptly Initiate Any Needed Corrective Actions.
Regularly Follow-up On Any Corrective Actions Taken.
CONFINED SPACE PROGRAM - EMPLOYEE CONSIDERATIONS:
Get Involved In The CS Safety Program.

Contribute To Make Corrective Actions.
Understand How Site Spaces Affect Your Safety.
Report All Accidents And Near-misses Immediately.
Be Proactive And Professional.
Report All CS Safety Problems Or Deficiencies.
Follow-up With Any Additional Information.
Be A Mentor For Less Experienced Employees.
WRITTEN PROGRAMS MUST BE:

Developed.
Implemented.
Controlled.
Periodically Reviewed.
And Must:
Be Understood.
Be Site-Specific.
Assign Responsibility.
Be Sufficiently Detailed.
Be Periodically Reviewed.
Be Written to the Target Work Group.
Be Written to an Appropriate Educational Level.
PROGRAM EVALUATION TECHNIQUES INCLUDE:

Confined Space Hazard Assessments.
Job Hazard Analysis Assessments.
Employee Surveys.
Review of Results of Facility Evaluations.
Analysis of Trends in Confined Space Injury Rates.
Up-to-date Records of Logs of Confined Space Hazard
Improvements Tried or Implemented.
Before and After Surveys/evaluations of Job/worksite Confined
Space Protection Changes.
METHODS OF HAZARD CONTROL:

CS Hazard Prevention And Control.
Engineering Controls.
Administrative Controls.
Optimization Of Work Practices.
Confined Space PPE Reduction.
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE CONTROL HIERARCHY:
WORKSITE ANALYSIS IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR MAIN PARTS:
1. Gathering Information From Available Sources.

2. Conducting Baseline Screening Surveys to Determine Which
Processes, Equipment, Areas or Jobs Need a Closer Analysis.
3. Performing Confined Space Assessments and Job Hazard
Analyses to Identify and Institute CS Control Measures.
4. After Implementing Control Measures, Conducting Periodic
Surveys and Follow-up to Evaluate Changes.
OPERATIONS SCENARIOS
CONFINED SPACE WORK INVOLVING:
Pits.
Silos.
Tanks.
Vaults.
Hoppers.
Storage Bins.
Chemical Tanks.
Reactor Vessels.
Railroad Tank Cars.
Machinery Enclosures.
OPERATIONS SCENARIOS
CONFINED SPACE WORK INVOLVING:
Cleaning Operation Inside

Of Under Ground Storage
Tank.
Paining Operation Inside

Of Under Ground Storage
Tank.
CONFINED SPACE DEATHS
MOST DEATHS OCCUR BECAUSE EMPLOYEES ARE:
Unaware of the Potential Hazard.

Uneducated of the Potential Hazard.
Poorly Equipped to Manage the Resulting Situation.
SO WHATS THE BOTTOM LINE?.... TRAINING!
MOST DEATHS OCCUR BY:

Asphyxiation Due to Hazardous Atmospheres.
MOST DEATHS ARE NOT THE

INITIAL VICTIM!
60% OF CONFINED SPACE
DEATHS ARE GOOD HEARTED
WOULD-BE RESCUERS!
WHEN WE DONT GET ENOUGH AIR:
APPROXIMATE VALUES
CONFINED SPACE DEFINITIONS
CONFINED SPACE:
Limited or Restricted Entry & Exit.
Not Designed for Human Occupancy.
Large Enough to Enter for Work.
CONFINED SPACE:
Two Types Of Confined Spaces.
NON-PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE

PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE
NON-PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE:

No Potential to Develop Hazards.
No Atmospheric, Safety, or Health Hazards.
Needs to Be Included in Training
Programs.
Limited Existing Hazard Potential.
Needs to Be Assessed.
Needs to Be Periodically Reassessed.
Needs to Be Controlled.
Examples of non-permit required confined spaces might

include the interiors of HVAC units, certain air plenums
and pipe chases, attics, walk-in freezers or refrigerators,
and some building crawl spaces.
PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE:
Contains a Hazardous Atmosphere or the Potential.

Contains Engulfment Potential.
Internal Configuration That Could Trap an Entrant.
Contains Any Other Serious Safety or Health Hazard.
ATMOSPHERIC HAZARD:
May Expose Employees to Risk of Death, Incapacitation,
Impairment of Ability to Self-rescue, Injury, or Acute Illness
From One or More of the Following Causes:
Flammable Gas, Vapor, or Mist Exceeding 10% LEL.
Airborne Combustible Dust in Excess of Its LEL.
Oxygen Concentration Below 19.5%.
Oxygen Concentration Above 23.5%.
Concentration of Any Substance Exceeding Its PEL.
Another Atmospheric Condition That Is IDLH.
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (OSHA):
Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs).

Found In 29 CFR 1910.1000 (The Z Tables).
Establishes OSHAs Exposure Levels.
Legally Enforceable.
RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LIMITS (NIOSH):

Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs).
Used To Develop New OSHA Standards.
Source: NIOSH Recommendations For
Occupational Health Standards.
THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE:

The TLV Is The Upper Limit Of A Toxin Concentration To Which An Average
Healthy Person May Be Repeatedly Exposed To On An All-day, Everyday
Basis Without Suffering Adverse Health Effects.
Gaseous Substances - Expressed As Parts Per Million (PPM).
Fumes Or Mists - Expressed In Milligrams Per Cubic Meter (mg/m3).
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH).
IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE & HEALTH:

An IDLH Level Represents A Maximum Concentration From Which One
Could Escape Within 30 Minutes Without Experiencing Any Irreversible
Adverse Health Effects.
In Practice, When The Concentration Of A Toxic Substance In A Given
Area Is Known, IDLH Levels May Be Used For Determining Whether Selfcontained Breathing Apparatus Is Needed When Entering The Area. If
The Concentration Exceeds The IDLH Level, Positive-demand, Selfcontained Breathing Apparatus Should Be Used.
FLAMMABLE RANGE:
UPPER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (UFL):
The Richer Point at Which a Mixture of Flammable Vapor and Air
Will No Longer Support Combustion.
LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL):

The Leaner Point at Which a Mixture of Flammable Vapor and Air
Will No Longer Support Combustion.
COMBINED, THE ABOVE EQUAL THE FLAMMABLE RANGE

FLAMMABLE RANGE - ACETONE:
100%
PERCENTAGE OF ATMOSPHERE
75%
ACETONE
50%
13%
2.5%
0%
FLAMMABLE RANGE OF ACETONE 2.5 - 13%
CONFINED SPACE WORKERS:

Attendant:
An Observer Stationed Outside of a Confined Space.
Authorized Entrant:
An Observer Stationed Outside of a Confined Space.
Entry Supervisor:
Oversees Confined Space Work and Safety Operations.
Monitors Confined Space Entry Operations.
Monitors Safety Conformance.
Monitors Permit Signing.
RESPONSIBILITIES
ATTENDANT DUTIES:
Know the Hazards Associated With the Space.

Be Aware of the Effects of Hazardous Exposures.
Maintain Accountability of Entrants.
Remain on Duty Until Properly Relieved.
Monitor the Status of the Entrant As Appropriate.
Communicate With the Entrant As Appropriate.
Monitor Activities Inside and Outside the Space.
Order Evacuation of the Space When Dictated.
Summon Rescue And/or Emergency Assistance.
Perform Non-entry Rescue in Accordance With Policy.
Perform No Duties That Interfere With Attendant Duties .
RESPONSIBILITIES
ENTRANT DUTIES:

Follow the Instructions on the Permit.
Use Required Equipment Properly.
Continually Communicate With Attendant.
Alert the Attendant When Necessary.
Exit the Space Quickly When So Required.
RESPONSIBILITIES
ENTRY SUPERVISOR DUTIES:
Safely Control The Situation!

Ensure All Entries on the Written Permit Are Appropriate.
Ensure All Tests, Procedures and Equipment Are Used.
Terminate Entry Authorization When Appropriate.
Verify That Rescue Services Are Available.
Verify Methods Are in Place to Summon Rescue Services.
Remove Unauthorized Individuals Attempting Access.
Determine When Transfer of Responsibility Takes Place.
Ensure Operations Are Consistent With the Permit.
Perform Non-entry Rescue in Accordance With Policy.
Perform No Duties That Interfere With Supervisor Duties.

CONTRACTORS CONSIDERATIONS
HOST RESPONSIBILITIES:
Inform the Contractor That Permits Spaces Exist.

Apprise the Contractor of Known Hazards.
Apprise the Contractor of Precautions & Procedures.
Coordinate Entry Operations With the Contractor.
Debrief the Contractor at Termination of Operations.
Determine The Contractors Safety Record.
Establish Rules For Their Operation.
Ensure The Contractor Is Qualified.
Inspect Them Regularly.
CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITIES:
Obtain All Information Concerning Known Hazards.

Determine Precautions & Procedures Regarding Work.
Provide Safety Documentation As Requested By The Host.
Brief The Host On How The Work Will Affect Host Employees.
Coordinate Entry Operations With the the Host.
Brief the Host at Termination of Operations.
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR CONTRACTORS:
Legally, You are Responsible For All Persons On Your Site.

Ensure Contractors Abide By Facility Safety Rules As A Minimum!
Remember, You Control Your Facility Or Work Area!
Review Their Procedures With Them.
Review Their Procedures Before They Start The Job!
Determine Their Safety Performance Record!
Determine Who Is In Charge Of Their People!
Determine How Their Activity Will Affect Your Employees!
Establish Rules For Working Around Your Employees.
THE ENTRY PERMIT
THE ENTRY PERMIT SPECIFIES:
Safe Entry Conditions.

Safe Entry Timeframes.
External Hazard Controls.
Hot work Safety Requirements.
Specifies External Hazard Controls.
Requirements For Safe Isolation of Space.
Emergency Notification And Rescue Means.
Specifies: - Purging - Inerting - Flushing - Ventilating.
Initial/Periodic Atmospheric Monitoring Requirements.
Logs Who Conducted Monitoring And Specific Methods.
Key Personnel Needed For Safety Entry, Operations and Egress.
Note: All Permits Must Be Reviewed On An Annual Basis.
THE ENTRY PERMIT
THE ENTRY PERMIT MUST BE:

Visible At The Entry Location.
Valid For The Time Of Space Entry.
Address All Possible Hazards In the Space.
EQUIPMENT CONSIDERATIONS
PRINCIPAL EQUIPMENT NEEDED - PERSONAL:
Body Harnesses.
Air Compressors.
SCBA Equipment.
Multi-gas Monitors.
Ventilation Equipment.
Supplied Air Respirators.
Air Purifying Respirators.
Personal Protective Equipment.
Extraction Cables and Lanyards.
Rescue Tripod/davit Arm and Winch System.
EQUIPMENT CONSIDERATIONS
PRINCIPAL EQUIPMENT NEEDED - GENERAL:
Hand Tools.
First Aid Kits.
Rescue SKEDS.
Time Keeping Equipment.
Intrinsically Safe Lighting.
Communications Equipment.
Escape Ladders for Depths of Five Ft+.
HAZARD RECOGNITION
PERMIT SPACE HISTORY:
Overall Past Usage History.

Previous Chemical Usage.
Previous Accident Statistics.
Cross Check All Relevant Information.
Related Current or Former MSDS Usage.
Check With Others Knowledgeable of the Space.
REMEMBER: SOMEONES LIFE MAY BE IN YOUR HANDS!
HAZARD RECOGNITION
WORK GENERATED CONDITIONS:
Reduced O2 From Welding/cutting Operations.

Reduced O2 From Inerting Operations.
Explosive Conditions From Sparks/flame.
Fumes Liberated by Chemical Cleaning.
Fumes Liberated by Painting or Coating Operations.
Dust Explosions From Particulate Processing.
HAZARD RECOGNITION
EXTERNAL CONDITIONS:
Consider:
Effect of Liquids Draining Into the Space.
Contaminants, Leaks, Spills, Exhausts Etc.
Backflow From Drains or Output Lines.
Current or Changing Weather Conditions
HAZARD RECOGNITION
CURRENT EVALUATION OF THE SPACE:
What Operations/equipment Will Interfere With Entry?

What Effect Does Entry Have on Other Operations?
What Chemical/physical Hazards Are Present?
Complete Electrical Isolation Achieved?
Are Steam or Product Lines Present?
Are MSDSs Available for Products?
Is Engulfment a Potential Hazard?
Is Heat Stress a Potential Factor?
Will Wildlife Be Effected?
HAZARD CONTROL
SITE RESTRICTION & CONTROL:

Prevent Unauthorized Entry.
Control Neighboring Operations.
ENERGY ISOLATION (LOCKOUT/TAGOUT):
Achieve a Zero Energy State.
- Electrical
- Mechanical
- Hydraulic
- Thermal
- Spring
- Chemical
- Other?
- Radioactive - Pneumatic-Gravity Fed
HAZARD CONTROL
SPACE PREPARATION:
Cool.
Clean.
Purge.
Empty.
De-Energize.
Depressurize.
Reduce Hazards to the Maximum Extent Possible.
Control Hazards to the Maximum Extent Possible.
TYPES OF RESPIRATORS
THREE FAMILIES OF RESPIRATORS:

AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATORS.
SUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATORS.
SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUSES.
AIR-PURIFYING OR FILTERING:
The APR Is Used Where There Is Enough Oxygen Present But
The Air In The Area Is Contaminated With Gases, Vapors, Or
Dust. These Respirators Filter Out Dangerous Materials Or
Divert Air Through A Chemical Filter. Does Not Produce
Oxygen!
Warning - Some Substances Cannot Be Safely Filtered
Requiring You To Wear An Air-supplied Respirator.
Mechanical-Filter Respirators:
Remove Particles From The Air.
May Have Disposable Filters For Dust.
May Have Half-face Or Full-face Facepieces.
To Choose The Correct Unit You Need To Know:
- Type Of Contaminant.
- Concentration Of The Contaminant.
- Size Of The Particles.
Chemical Cartridge Respirators:
Used For Low Concentrations Of:
- Organic Gases.
- Pesticides.
- Paint Vapors.
May Have Half-face Or Full-face Facepieces.
Cartridge Must Be Right One For Type Of Contaminant
Use Only With Contaminants With Warning Odor Or
Irritation If The Cartridge Fails To Work.
Not For Use Against Highly Toxic Gases.
SUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATORS:
The SAR Is Used Whenever There Is Not Enough Oxygen And
The Concentration Of The Airborne Substances Present Is Not
Immediately Dangerous To Life & Health (IDLH).
All Respirators Must Be Approved For The Contaminant For
Which The Employee Is Exposed Too. Approval Is Done
Jointly By The Mine Safety And Health Administration Of The
Department Of Labor And The National Institute For
Occupational Safety And Health (NIOSH) Of The Department
Of Health And Human Services.
SUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATORS:
Air-Line Type Respirators:
Used For Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres.
Not For IDLH Atmospheres (Unless Aux Air Carried).
May Have Half-face Or Full-face Or Hood.
Air Supplied From Cylinders Or A Compressor.
Three Types Of SARs:
- Continuous Flow.
- Demand Air Flow.
- Pressure-demand Flow.
SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SCBA):

SCBA Uses A Source Of Breathable Air Carried By The Wearer.
Although This Greatly Enhances The Mobility Of The Wearer It
Limits The Duration Of Protection. At A Moderate Work Rate,
Using Approximately 40 Liter Minute Volume, Most SCBA Units
Have A Rated Duration Of 30-60 Minutes.
SCBA Consists Of The Following: Face Piece, Breathing Tube,
Air Supply Tube, Regulator, Exhalation Valve, Air Cylinder And
Valve.

Mobile Air Supply Type Systems (Two Types):
Closed-circuit Rebreathing Units.
Pressure-demand Open Circuit Units.

Pressure-Demand Open-Circuit Units:
Provides 30 To 60 Minutes Worth Of Air.

Typically Used By Fire Rescue Services.
The Users Breath Is Exhaled Into Atmosphere.
Positive Pressure Is Maintained Inside The Facepiece.

Closed-Circuit Rebreathing Units:
Protects Up To Four Hours.

Typically Used In Mine Rescues.
The Users Breath Is Recycled.
Carbon Dioxide Is Removed From Exhaled Air.
Oxygen Is Added From A Small Cylinder.
RESPIRATOR SELECTION
CHOOSING A RESPIRATOR IS SERIOUS BUSINESS:
CONSULT WITH AN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST

REGARDING THE TYPE OF RESPIRATOR TO BE
USED WITH YOUR OPERATION! THE FOLLOWING
ARE GENERAL GUIDELINES ONLY!
Dust Mask
Half Face
Full Face
Supplied Air
SCBA
RESPIRATOR RECOMMENDATIONS:
Do a Fit Test.
Receive Training.
Provide Proper Care.
Know the Hazard Levels.
Receive a Medical Test.
Review Exposure Limits.
Select Correct Respirator.
Receive Annual Physical.
Receive Annual Training.
Check the Oxygen Levels.
CHOOSING A RESPIRATOR IS SERIOUS BUSINESS:

KNOW WHAT YOU WORK WITH:
Working with respiratory hazards can put you at great risk. You cannot
always detect the hazards, but dust, smoke, fog, mist, fumes, gases,
vapors and sprays can be very hazardous to your health and safety.
PRIMARY CONSIDERATIONS:
1.
What are the exposure limits allowed for the particular
contaminants?
2. Have the hazard levels in your work area been measured?
3. Do you have the correct amount of oxygen in your work area?
4. Are you trained to use and wear a respirator?
The actual properties of the hazard must be known to make a decision

on the specific type of equipment to be used!
HAZARDOUS CONDITION - OXYGEN DEFICIENCY:

IDLH Condition:
Any Positive-pressure Self-contained Breathing Apparatus
(SCBA).
Combination Positive-pressure Supplied-air Respirator
(SAR) With Auxiliary Self-contained Air Supply.
Non-IDLH Condition:
Any Positive-Pressure SCBA or SAR.
HAZARDOUS CONDITION - GASES AND VAPORS:

IDLH Condition:
Positive-pressure Self-contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA).
Non-IDLH Condition:
Combination Positive-pressure Supplied-air Respirator
(SAR) With Auxiliary Self-contained Air Supply.
Any Positive-pressure SAR, Gas Mask, Or Chemical
Cartridge Respirator.
Dust Mask
Half Face
Full Face
Supplied Air
SCBA
HAZARDOUS CONDITION - PARTICULATE CONTAMINANTS:
Any Positive-pressure SAR Including Abrasive Blasting

Respirator.
Powered Air-purifying Respirator Equipped With Highefficiency Filters.
Any Air-purifying Respirator With A Specific Particulate Filter.
HAZARDOUS CONDITION - GASEOUS AND PARTICULATES:

IDLH Condition:
Combination Positive-pressure Supplied-air Respirator (SAR)
With Auxiliary Self-contained Air Supply.
Non-IDLH Condition:
Any Positive-pressure SAR, Gas Mask, Or Chemical
Cartridge Respirator.
Dust Mask
Half Face
Full Face
Supplied Air
SCBA
HAZARDOUS CONDITION - IDLH:

IDLH Escape Condition:
Combination Positive-pressure Supplied-air Respirator (SAR)
With Auxiliary Self-contained Air Supply.
Firefighting:
Dust Mask
Half Face
Full Face
Supplied Air
SCBA
RESPIRATOR QUALIFICATION
RESPIRATOR FIT TESTING - GENERAL:

The Proper Fitting Of A Respirator Is Determined By A Fit
Tests And Seal Checks. Fit Tests Can Be Qualitative Or
Quantitative.
Some OSHA Standards Have Specific
Requirements For Fit Testing. See The 1000 Series In 29
CFR.
QUALITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE
ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
OSHAS RECOMMENDATIONS:
Follow Your Permit Instructions.

Instruments Should Be Adequately Sensitive.
Instruments Should Be Calibrated and Documented.
Users Should Be Technically Qualified.
Testing Must Be Done Prior to Each Entry.
ASPHYXIATION IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF

DEATH IN CONFINED SPACES
ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
INSTRUMENT FUNCTION TESTS:
Do Not Replace Calibration.

Blow Into 02 Sensors to Test 02 Deficiency.
A Solvent Marker Will Test for Combustibles.
Using a Butane Lighter Is Not Recommended.
Function Tests Must Be Done Prior to Each Entry.

ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
INSTRUMENT FUNCTION TESTS:

HAZARD
CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) (PPM)
HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S) (PPM)
OXYGEN (O2)
LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL)
LIMIT
35 PPM
10 PPM
19.5% - 23.5%
10% >

ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
MULTI-GAS MONITOR:
HAZARDS DETECTED
OXYGEN (O2)
CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)
HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S)
LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL)
TYPICAL GAS MONITOR
Common Gas Monitor
ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
FLAMMABLE RANGE - ACETONE:
100% -75%
--
50%
--
13%
--
2.5% -0%
--
PERCENTAGE OF ATMOSPHERE
ACETONE
FLAMMABLE RANGE OF ACETONE 2.5 - 13%
ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
COMMON TOXIC GASES:
CARBON MONOXIDE: - TLV 35 PPM (ACGIH)

- PEL 50 PPM (OSHA)
- IDLH 1200 PPM
HYDROGEN SULFIDE: - TLV 10 PPM (ACGIH)
- PEL 10 PPM (OSHA)
- IDLH 100 PPM
ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
TESTING CONSIDERATIONS:
CONSIDERATIONS
- BATTERY CHECK
- CALIBRATION
- OXIDIZERS
- ACIDS
- DATA INTERPRETATION
Common Gas Monitor
ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
ACCESSORY CONSIDERATIONS:
ACCESSORIES
- BATTERY
- PUMP
- SAMPLING TUBE
- SAMPLING TUBE FILTER
Common Gas Monitor
ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
TESTING SEQUENCE:
TESTING SEQUENCE
1. OXYGEN
2. FLAMMABILITY
3. TOXICITY
Must Be Tested In The Above Sequence!
Common Gas Monitor

ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
TESTING SEQUENCE:
WHY A TESTING SEQUENCE?

1. OXYGEN - Most Combustible Gas Meters Are 02
Dependent and Must Have 02 Present to Provide
Reliable Data.
2. FLAMMABILITY - The Threat of Fire or Explosion Is
Both More Immediate and More Life Threatening in
Most Cases Than Toxic Vapors.
3. TOXICITY - If Tests for Toxic Vapors Are Necessary
They Are Performed Last.
ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
SAMPLING STRATEGIES:
Evaluation Testing - Evaluation of Hazards Present in the
Permit Space.
Verification Testing - Verification That Acceptable Entry
Conditions for Entry Into That Space Exist.
Duration of Testing - Measurement of Values for Each
Atmospheric Parameter Should Be Made For at Least the
Minimum Response Time Of the Instrument Specified By
the Manufacturer.
ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
STRATIFIED ATMOSPHERES:
Vapor Density
Air = 1
<1 = Lighter than Air
>1 = Heavier than Air
<1
AIR=1
>1
ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
STRATIFIED ATMOSPHERES:
Sample Every 3 To 4 Ft.
Sample The Entire Space.
Dont Trust Your Senses.
Dont Get Rushed, Be Thorough.
Know The Meter Response Time.
Keep Sampling Tube Out Of Product.
Periodically Retest The Space.
Document All Readings.
Move Sensor Only As Fast As The
Meter Response Time.
1st Test
2nd Test
3rd Test
4th Test
5th Test
ESTABLISH A TESTING PROTOCAL
ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
PERIODIC RETESTING:
Retest After You Enter.

Retest in Your Breathing Zone.
Try and Find the Bad Air!
Dont Degrade Your Own Air!
Think! Think! Think!
ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
UNACCEPTABLE TEST RESULTS:
Know Your Emergency Response Procedures!

Immediately Notify Entrants of Unsafe Conditions!
If There Is Any Doubt - Evacuate The Space!
Know the Time It Takes to Evacuate!
Dont Try to Remedy Before Ordering Evacuation!
Evacuate Then Control The Hazard!
ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
OWNERS MANUAL IS KEY:
CONSULT THE OWNERS MANUAL

FOR SPECIFICS REGARDING THE
INSTRUMENT YOU ARE USING DO
NOT ASSUME ANYTHING!
CONFINED SPACE VENTILATION
WHEN TO VENTILATE:
When the Air Contains Too Little Oxygen.

When the Air Contains Too Much Oxygen.
The Air Is Too Flammable.
The Air Is Toxic.
Begin Ventilating Well in Advance of Any Entry.
Test the Atmosphere in Advance of Any Entry.
Continue Ventilating As Long As Entrants Are in Space.
Consider the Type of Work Being Performed.
Use Blowers ONLY IN Asbestos-Free Spaces.
Follow the Instructions on the Permit.
VENTILATION SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS:

Ventilation Systems:
Local Exhaust Ventilation:
- Usually Job-specific.
General Ventilation:
- Usually Area-specific.
Local Exhaust Ventilation

General Ventilation

Local Exhaust Ventilation:
Captures at Point of Origin.

Removes Single Source Contaminants.
Use During Hot Work.
Use During Grinding Operations.
Use During Cleaning Operations.
Keep the Intake Close to the Source.
Not the Best for Dispersed Contaminants.
The Shape of the Space Can Be Detrimental.
Check With Suppliers for the Most Suitable Type.
Local Exhaust
Ventilation

General Ventilation Considerations:
Does Not Reduce the Amount of Contaminants.
There Are Limits on When It Can Be Used.
Contaminants Must Be of Low Toxicity
Dilutes the General Atmosphere in the Space.
General Ventilation
Removes Area Contaminants.
Contaminants Must Be Produced at a Uniform Rate.
Best for Providing Oxygen.
Best for Controlling Low Concentrations of Toxins.
Check With Suppliers for the Most Suitable Type.

Exhaust Ventilation: - Draw Bad Air Out.
Supply Ventilation: - Blows Fresh Air in.
OUTSIDE
VENTILATOR
SPACE

Exhaust Ventilation:
OUTSIDE
Exhaust
AIR FLOW
SPACE

Supply Ventilation:
OUTSIDE
Supply
AIR FLOW
SPACE

General Ventilation - Intake Point Placement:
Locate Intake Point Supply Air Outside Of Space.
Locate Exhaust Outlet to Prevent Recirculation.
Locate Outlet Where Exhaust Will Be Harmless.
Consider Need to Filter Exhaust Air.
If the Exhaust Is Flammable, Remove Ignition Sources.
Intake Point Supply
Air Is Outside Of
Space.

AIR FLOW
SHORT CIRCUIT

AIR FLOW
BETTER PLACEMENT

General Ventilation (Power Considerations):
Equipment Must Move Air Effectively Within The Space.
Equipment Must Carry Away Any Contaminants.
A Series of Blowers May Be Needed.
AIR FLOW
AIR FLOW
AIR FLOW

Duct Work - General:
Duct Work Directs the Air Flow.
Place Duct Work Out of the Way.
Remember Why the Duct Is Present.
Keep Ducts As Short As Possible.
Keep Ducts As Straight As Possible.
Never Kink Ducts, Avoid Sharp Bends.
Ensure Connections Are Tight.
Recheck Often!
Read The Manual!
A FINAL NOTE ON DUCT WORK

VENTILATION IS MORE COMPLEX THAN MOST PEOPLE
REALIZE. CONSULT WITH THE MANUFACTURER ON THE
BEST WAY TO USE THEIR EQUIPMENT.
MANY
SITUATIONS CAN ARISE WHICH CREATE CHALLENGES
TO CONFINED SPACE ENTRIES. ENSURE YOU KNOW
THE VARIOUS CONFIGURATIONS THAT VENTILATION
EQUIPMENT CAN AND CANNOT SUPPORT. ASK!
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
RESCUE CONSIDERATIONS:
On-Site Rescue - General:
Employer Decides If On or Off-site Rescue Will Be Used.
On-site Rescue:
- Usually Made up of In-house Personnel.
- Motivated Team.
- Extensive Training.
- Practical Exercises (at Least Once Every 12 Months).
- Regular Reinforcement of Training.
ON-SITE RESCUE
ON-SITE RESCUE
Off-Site Rescue - General:
Employer Decides If on or Off-site Rescue Will Be Used.
Off-site Rescue:
- Close Proximity.
- Extensive Pre-coordination.
- Must Understand the Hazards to Be Faced.
- Must Have Access to All Spaces for Pre-planning.
IMPORTANT: A Feasibility Assessment Must Be Made to
Determine The Practicality of Off-site Rescue.
OFF-SITE RESCUE
OFF-SITE RESCUE
The Rescue Team Qualifications:
Good Endurance.
Possess Enthusiasm.
Must Be a Capable Leader.
Must Have a Positive Attitude.
Good Physical Fitness and Health.
Must Be Capable of Following Orders.
Must Have Same Training As Entrants.
Must Regularly Participate in Practical Exercises.
Rescue Training:
Rescue Techniques.
Understand Self-rescue Criteria.
First Aid/CPR Proficiency Required.
Communications in Confined Spaces.
Recognition of Confined Space Hazards.
Understand the Use of Personal Protective Equipment.
SAFELINE
Rescue Types:
SAFELINE
Horizontal.
Vertical.
HORIZONTAL RESCUES
VERTICAL RESCUES
SAFELINE
SAFELINE
Rescue Systems:
Non-entry Rescue.
Entry Rescue.
ENTRY RESCUES
NON-ENTRY RESCUES
Non-Entry Rescue:
Safest for Rescuer.
Requires Extensive Entrant Training.
Tripod (or Equivalent Most Common).
NFPA Approved Rope (15:1 Tensile Strength).
Entry Rescue:
Used When Obstacles Prevent Non-entry Rescue.
Requires Extensive Rescue Team Training.
Various Entry Methods Can Be Used.
Victim Care (Injuries):
Assess Physical Condition.
Look for Signs of Shock.
Keep Head Stable and Airways Open.
Immobilize the Spine.
Plastic SKEDS Are Very Useful.
Dont Injure the Victim During Extrication.
Wristlets May Be Used If No Trauma Is Created.
Never Move or Care for an Injured Victim Unless You
Have Been Trained to Administer First Aid.
If Situation Is Life or Death Use Best Judgment.
RESCUE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS:

Victim Care (Injuries):
Rescue and Retrieval Systems Are
Generally Used in Confined Spaces,
and Are Often Known As Personal
Retrieval Systems. The System Is
Primarily Used When Workers Must
Be Lowered Into Tanks, Manholes,
Etc., And When Retrieval May Be
Required Should an Emergency
Occur.
RESCUE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS:
RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS AND PERMIT SPACE ENTRY:

Non-entry Rescue Criteria:
Retrieval Equipment Must Be Used: Retrieval Systems or Methods
Must Be Used Whenever an Authorized Entrant Enters a Permit
Space, Unless the Retrieval Equipment Would Increase the Overall
Risk of Entry or Would Not Contribute to the Rescue of the
Entrant.
Vertical Retrieval Trigger is 5 Feet: Mechanical Device Must Be
Available to Retrieve Personnel From Vertical Type Permit Spaces
More Than 5 Feet Deep.

Retrieval Systems Must Meet The Following Criteria:
Entrants Must Use a Chest or Full Body Harness.
Retrieval Lines Must Attached to the Center of the Back at
Shoulders or Above the Entrants Head.
Wristlets May Be Used in Lieu of a Harness If It Can Be:
1. Demonstrated That a Harness Is Infeasible.
2. Demonstrated That a Harness Increases the Hazard.
3. Demonstrated That Wristlets Are the Safest Means.
The Retrieval Line Must Be Attached to a Mechanical Device or
Fixed Point Outside the Space to Facilitate Immediate Rescue.

The Following Guidelines Will Help Determine If a Retrieval
System Presents More Hazards Than Benefits:
A Permit Space With Obstructions That Could Bind The
Retrieval Line, the Entrant Need Not Use a Retrieval System.
When an Employee Being Rescued With the Retrieval System
Would Be Injured Because of Forceful Contact With
Projections In The Space.
In a Permit Space, an Entrant Using an Air Supplied
Respirator Need Not Use a Retrieval System If the Retrieval
Line Could Become Tangled With the Air Line.
EQUIPMENT INCOMPATIBILITY:
Ideally, A Retrieval System Should Be Designed, Tested, and
Supplied As a Complete System.
Components May Not Be Interchangeable.
Ask the Manufacturer If Different Equipment Is Compatible.
Substitutions or Change to Retrieval Systems Should Be Fully
Evaluated or Tested to Determine Whether or Not It Meets the
Standard, BEFORE THE MODIFIED SYSTEM IS PUT INTO USE.
ADDITIONAL HAZARD CONSIDERATIONS:
Heat.
Sharp and Cutting Edges.
Environmental Conditions.
Corrosion and Dirt.
TRAINING AND PROPER DESIGN IS CRITICAL:

Training And Proper Design Is Critical:
It Is Important to Remember That Training Is Critical When
Rescuing Injured or Sick Workers Involved in Confined Space
Accidents. It Is Recommended That Basic Rescue Techniques
Be Considered When Designing or Renovating a Facility. Proper
Design May Allow Less Skill and Training in Accomplishing
Rescues Than Those Techniques Used by Advanced Rescue
Teams. Elimination of Confined Spaces Is Always the First
Choice.
INSPECTION AND CARE OF RESCUE EQUIPMENT
INSPECTION BEFORE USE:

You Must Know How To Inspect Your Own Equipment:
Employees Using the Equipment Need to Inspect Their Own
Equipment. Do Not Place Your Life Unnecessarily in Anyone
Elses Hands! Defective Components Must Be Removed From
Service If Their Function or Strength Has Been Adversely
Affected.
IMPACT LOADING:
Impact Loaded Equipment Must Be Removed From Service:
Equipment Subjected to Impact Loading or an Actual Fall Must
Be Immediately Removed From Service and Not Used Again
Unless Inspected and Determined by a Competent Person to Be
Undamaged and Suitable for Reuse.
ALSO
IMPORTANT: Some Manufacturers Will Not Guarantee That
Harnesses or Lanyards Will Provide Adequate Protection During
a Second Fall. Many of These Manufacturers State on the
Equipment to Destroy the Harness and Lanyard After a Fall Has
Been Sustained.
INSPECTION CONSIDERATIONS:
Develop a Detailed Inspection Policy.
Inspect Equipment Before Each Use (Without Exception).
Inspect Anchorage Points Before Use.
Tag Damaged Equipment As Unusable.
Separate Damaged Equipment From Serviceable Equipment.
Consider the Effects on Equipment Stored for Long Periods.
Remove Impact Loaded Equipment From Service Immediately.
Incorporate Manufacturers Instructions Into Site Inspections.
Consider Special Situations Such As Radiation, Electrical
Conductivity, and Chemicals Etc.
COMPONENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL PROGRAM
A GOOD CONFINED SPACE PROGRAM WILL HAVE:

1. DETAILED WRITTEN SAFETY PROCEDURES.
2. ANNUAL REVIEW BY A COMPETENT PERSON.
3. AN EXTENSIVE EMPLOYEE TRAINING PROGRAM.
4. PERIODIC REINFORCEMENT OF SAFETY TRAINING.
5. SUFFICIENT DISCIPLINE REGARDING IMPLEMENTATION.
6. PERIODIC FOLLOW-UP TO KEEP THE PROGRAM CURRENT.
THANK YOU FOR PARTICIPATING IN THIS TRAINING PROGRAM
Do you have any questions

concerning the course material
we have just covered?
Please contact your course
facilitator at your facility.

Confined Space Operation

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CONFINED SPACE

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146

ABOUT THIS COURSE

YOUR SAFETY IS CRITICAL:

This course is intended to provide a general overview of the

Confined Space - SLIDE 2 OF 138

WHAT WE WILL COVER DURING THIS TRAINING:

Establish Confined Spaces Role in Todays Industry.

BASIS FOR THIS COURSE

WHY THIS TRAINING IS ESSENTIAL TO YOUR SAFETY AT WORK:

1.6 Million Workers Enter Confined Spaces Annually.

Confined Space - SLIDE 4 OF 138

WHO SHOULD ATTEND THIS TRAINING SESSION:

Employee Who Come Into Contact With Chemicals.

Confined Space - SLIDE 5 OF 138

ABOUT THIS COURSE

Confined Space - SLIDE 6 OF 138

THE GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE:

FEDERAL - 29 CFR 1903.1

OSHA ACT OF 1970

Confined Space - SLIDE 7 OF 138

REGULATIONS THAT APPLY TO CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS:

ANSI - American National Standards Institute:

Confined Space - SLIDE 8 OF 138

CONTENTS OF 29 CFR 1910.146:

Confined Space - SLIDE 9 OF 138

APPENDICES TO 29 CFR 1910.146:

Confined Space - SLIDE 10 OF 138

REGULATIONS THAT APPLY TO CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS:

OSHA - Occupational Safety & Health Administration:

Confined Space - SLIDE 11 OF 138

GENERAL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS

ALL EMPLOYERS MUST:

Institute Safe Work Practices.

Confined Space - SLIDE 12 OF 138

THE EMPLOYER MUST PROVIDE TRAINING:

Confined Space - SLIDE 13 OF 138

REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A:

Program Related Injury.

Confined Space - SLIDE 14 OF 138

A GOOD PROGRAM WILL HELP:

Confined Space - SLIDE 15 OF 138

PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION REQUIRES:

Confined Space - SLIDE 16 OF 138

Confined Space - SLIDE 17 OF 138

Confined Space - SLIDE 18 OF 138

PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY:

Confined Space - SLIDE 19 OF 138

RECOGNITION OF SITE CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS:

Confined Space - SLIDE 20 OF 138

RECOGNITION OF SITE CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS:

Confined Space - SLIDE 21 OF 138

EVALUATION OF SITE CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS:

Confined Space - SLIDE 22 OF 138

CONTROL ON HAZARDS WITHIN THE WORK ENVIRONMENT:

Confined Space - SLIDE 23 OF 138

Confined Space - SLIDE 24 OF 138

KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS

KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS INCLUDE:

Confined Space - SLIDE 25 OF 138

KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS

CONFINED SPACE TRAINING: