CONNOTATIVE

MEANING

Cont

Leech defines connotative meaning as

the communicative value an expression
has by virtue of what it refers to, over
and above its purely conceptual content
(1981 : 12 ). The following examples
illustrate the connotative meaning of
words in the context of Indonesian
Language.

examples

Word Contextual Meaning

Guru ( teacher ) Clever , impatient, poor
Petani ( farmer ) Poor , stupid
Pelajar ( student ) Lazy , stupid
Pastor ( priest ) Chaste , pious, obedient, wise
Dokter ( doctor ) Clever, rich
Perawat ( nurse ) Patient
Tentara ( soldier )
Brave
Polisi ( policeman ) Disciplined
Presiden ( president ) Powerful, strict
Pria ( man ) Macho , rational , strong , hard working,
breadwinner

Cont

It means that connotative meaning is

that something will be described with
human being assumption as general or
general sign.

Social Meaning

The social meaning of a word is in

relation to the social circumstance of its
use which is determined by the different
social structures in the society. The
member of a society are roughly divided
into the lower class, the middle class and
the upper class. In this case, the
meaning of words is socially influenced
by these classes of people in the society.

Some example are :

House , home, residence, domicile, mansion, castle and

palace.
Yes , bastard ; yes, sir, yes your Excellency. Yes tour
highness, yes your majesty.
Waste basket, receptacle.
Clothes , finery, attire.
Man , personage
Simply, someone with lower class status in their society
will be different from someone in upper class status in
many aspects, such as using words or sentences. Also, the
speakers will differentiate their way of speaking and
diction when they make communication with people in
different class in society.

Affective Meaning

Leech (1981) in Wagiman (2008 :29) defines that affective

meaning is the meaning of word which reflects the
personal feelings of the speaker, including his attitude to
the listener or his attitude to something he is talking
about. The examples related to this definition are:
Youre a vicious tyrant and a villainous reprobate, and I
hate you.
Im terribly sorry to interrupt, but I wonder if you would
be so kind as to lower your voices a little is more polite
than Will you belt up .
The writer concludes that affective meaning is what the
speaker talks about is what they feel based on personal
feeling not all of human beings.

Conversion

In conversion a new meaning of a word is obtained when

the syntactic function of the word is converted or
changed as when a noun is used as a verb or a verb is
used as a noun. Syntactic features are features
pertaining to the arrangement of the word in a phrase, a
clause or a sentence. Some examples of conversion are:
We are planning to wall our garden.
My friend can house us if we do not wish to stay at a
hotel.
We have finished papering the dinning room
The workers are begging rice
Those workmen are roofing the new hotel.