Major Public Health Problems in Bangladesh & Developing Countries

Major Public Health
Problems in
Bangladesh &
Developing Countries
DR. HASANUZZAMAN SOHAIL
BDS, MPH
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY
Population Problem
Problem of Malnutrition
Communicable Disease Problem
Non Communicable Disease Problem
Maternal & Child Health Problem
Female Education Problem
Unemployment Problem
Poverty Problem
Environmental Sanitation Problem
Medical Care Problem
Dr. Hasanuzzaman sohaiL
Major Public Health

Problems in Bangladesh
Food Safety & Adulteration Problem
Problem of Child Labour & Child Abuse
Drug Addiction/Dependence Problem
Violence Against Women
Violence Against Men (Small Extend)
Problem of Social Violence
Depression & Mental Health Problem
Problem Related to Electronic Media & Social Networks
Major Public Health

Problems in Bangladesh
(Cont.)
Problem Related to Various Accidents & Disaster
Common Health Problems Bangladesh- Rural:

Malnutrition, Worm infestation, Skin infections,
Diarrhoea, Acute respiratory infections (ARIs),
Anaemia, Tuberculosis, Malaria, Kala-azar, Leprosy,
etc. Lack of health care services, Poor housing, Poor
sanitation.
Common Health Problems in

Bangladesh- Rural :
Common
Health Problems Bangladesh- Urban

Hypertension, Air pollution, Sound pollution,
Heart diseases, Diabetes, Cancer, Dengue
fever, Drug addiction, STD (sexually
transmitted diseases, etc.)
Common Health Problems in

Bangladesh- Urban :
Population Problem
Population problem is the most dreadful problem now
facing Bangladesh. It is the number one problem of
our country.
Ours is a small country of 1,47,570 square kilometers

with a big population of about sixteen cores
(16,00,00,000). Growth rate of population in
Bangladesh is 21.6 per 1000 people.
Population Problem (Cont)

Cause of High Birth Rates
Lack of education
Early marriage
Climatic influence
Low standard of living
Social and religious superstitions
Lack of recreational facilities
Lack of willingness to adopt birth control measures
Tendency of having male child and giving birth to female

child one after another
Malnutrition
Malnutrition is the condition that develops when the
body does not get the right amount of the vitamins,
minerals, and other nutrients it needs to maintain
healthy tissues and organ function.
Malnutrition occurs in people who are either

undernourished or over nourished.
Malnutrition (Cont)
Types of Malnutrition
Under Nutrition
Over Nutrition
Causes of Malnutrition
Inadequate or unbalanced diet
Problems with digestion or absorption
Certain medical conditions like cancer, anaemia, ulcer

etc
Malnutrition (Cont)
Effect/Impact of Malnutrition
Any disease occurs due to a specific infectious agent or its

toxic products capable of being directly or indirectly
transmitted from man to man, animal to man or from the
environment to man or animal.
List of Some Notable Communicable Diseases

* Tuberculosis (TB)
* Hepatitis
* Malaria
* Tetanus
* Diarrheal Diseases
* Dengue Fever
* STIs
* Typhoid and Paratyphoid
* Influenza
* Rabies
* Anthrax
* Ebola
* Plague
* Nipah Virus Infection
Communicable Disease
Problem
Any disease that is not caused by a pathogen or its toxin and

not transmitted from one person to another. It might result
from hereditary factors, improper diet, smoking, or other
factors
Major Non Communicable Disease
Cardio Vascular Disease & Stroke
Ischemic Heart Disease (Heart Attack)
Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
Hyperlipidemia (High Level of Cholesterol)
Cardiomegaly (Increase size of the heart)
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Non Communicable Disease

Problem
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chronic Bronchitis
Emphysema
Cancer
Breast Cancer
Lung Cancer
Cervical Cancer
Skin Cancer
Non Communicable Disease

Problem (Cont)
Maternal & Child Health

Problems
Definition:
Maternal death is the death of a woman while

pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy,
irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy,
from any cause related to or aggravated by the
pregnancy or its management but not from accidental
or incidental causes.
- WHO
Maternal Mortality Ratio in Bangladesh (2013):

170 deaths/100,000 live births
Maternal Mortality Ratio

(MMR)
Cont
The Maternal mortality rate (MMR) is the annual number
of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause
related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its
management.
800 women die every day from pregnancy or childbirth

related causes.
Causes of Maternal Death

Causes
Severe bleeding/hemorrhage
Infections
Unsafe abortions
High blood pressure & Convulsion during pregnancy (preeclampsia andeclampsia)
Obstructed labour
Blood clots/Embolism
Indirect
Causes
Malaria
Dengue
Anaemia
HIV/AIDS
Direct
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Percentages of Causes of Maternal Death
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Definition:
Probability of dying between birth and exactly one year of
age expressed per 1,000 live births.
Infant Mortality Rate in Bangladesh(2014):

45.67 deaths/1,000 live births
Live
Still
Birth: A birth at which a child is born alive.
Birth: A baby born with no signs of life at or

after 28 weeks of pregnancy.
Causes of Infant Mortality

Female Education Problem

is a populous low-income country
with a relatively young population and low
literacy rates, particularly among women and
the poor. Recent estimates for the population
ages over 11 years put female literacy rates is
35.6 percent as opposed to 47.6 percent for
males.
Bangladesh
Unemployment Problem
Unemployment rate in
Bangladesh:
About 40% of the population is
underemployed.
Unemployment is a great
concern in Bangladesh. Though
it is one of the major
responsibilities of the
Government to provide job to
those young generation but only
a tiny fraction of total jobless is
managed by different
government offices and private
organization but a majority
remain unemployed.
Poverty Problem
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in
Bangladesh was last recorded at 625.34 US dollars in
2013. The GDP per Capita in Bangladesh is equivalent
to 5 percent of the world's average.
Lack of safe drinking

water in many areas of
the country.
Primitive methods of
excreta disposal
Due to lack of proper

Planning and lack of
commitment among the
Medical personnel,
Primary Health Care
Services could not be
Provided to the desired
extent.
Poorly managed Health

Care System.
Environmental
Medical
Care
Sanitation Problem Problem
Problem Related to Various

Accidents & Disaster
Road Traffic
Accident (RTA)
Building Collapse
Drowning
Flood
Cyclone
Food Safety & Adulteration

Food adulteration with
poisonous chemicals has
reached a dangerous
proportion posing serious
health hazards in the
country.
It is done by reducing the

purity of a food with the
addition of a foreign or
inferior substance or by the
removal of some valuable
ingredient which is harmful
for health.
Child labour & Child Abuse

According to the Labour Law of Bangladesh 2006, the
minimum legal age for employment is 14. 83% are
employed in rural areas and 17% are employed in
urban areas. However, as 93 per cent of child
labourers work in the informal sector in small
factories and workshops, on the street, in home-based
businesses and domestic employment the
enforcement of labour laws is virtually impossible .
Drug abuse is a
patterned use of a
drug in which the
user consumes the
substance in
amounts or with
methods which are
harmful to
themselves or
others.
Drug Addiction/Dependence
Problem
women with young

children experience
violence from their
husbands, and their
children appear to have a
higher risk of recent
respiratory infections and
diarrhea. They also face
problem with their
cognitive development.
as a form of violent
conduct that can result to
injury, deprivation and
psychological harm to a
person, group or
community
Hijacking
Kidnapping
Robbery
Violence Against Social

Violence
Women
Social violence is defined
Almost half of Bangladeshi
Mental illness is most neglected in Bangladesh,

although a large number of people are suffering from
different types of mental illness. It is prevalent in
Bangladesh probably in the same magnitude as in
developed countries.
According to WHO, 7% of the population of

Bangladesh is mentally ill
Depression & Mental Health

Problem
TheMillennium Development Goals(MDGs) are

8international development goalsthat were
established following theMillennium Summitof
theUnited Nationsin 2000, following the adoption of
theUnited Nations Millennium Declaration. All
189United Nations member statesat the time (there
are 193 currently) and at least 23international
organizationscommitted to help achieve the following
Millennium Development Goals by 2015
Millennium Developmental
Goal
Achievement of
Bangladesh Towards MDG
Goal
Eradicate Extreme
Poverty & Hunger
Base Year
1990/1991
56.6%
Current
Target
Status
2015
40.0 %(2005)
29.0 %
91.1(2007)
100
Promote Gender
Equality and Empower
Women
0.83
1.08(2007)
1.0
Reduce Child Mortality
146 %
60%(2007)
48
Improve Maternal
Health
574 (1990)
351
144
Combat HIV/AIDS,
malaria and other
diseases
0.005%
0.319%
Halting
21.0%
39.2(2006) %
60%
1240 (1989-90)
96.1 (200708)
Ensure Environmental
Sustainability
Develop a Global
Partnership for
Development
60.5
Achieve Universal
PrimaryEducation

Major Public Health Problems in Bangladesh & Developing Countries

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Major Public Health Problems in Bangladesh & Developing Countries

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Major Public Health

Communicable Disease Problem

Non Communicable Disease Problem

Maternal & Child Health Problem

Female Education Problem

Environmental Sanitation Problem

Medical Care Problem

Dr. Hasanuzzaman sohaiL