ENE 325

Electromagnetic Fields
and Waves
Lecture 1 Electrostatics

Syllabus

Dr. Rardchawadee Silapunt,

rardchawadee.sil@kmutt.ac.th
Lecture: 9:30pm-12:20pm Wednesday,
Rm. CB41004
Office hours :By appointment
Textbook: Fundamentals of
Electromagnetics with Engineering
Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth
(Wiley, 2005)
2

Course Objectives
This is the course on beginning level electrodynamics. The
purpose of the course is to provide junior electrical engineering
students with the fundamental methods to analyze and
understand electromagnetic field problems that arise in various
branches of engineering science.

Prerequisite knowledge and/or

skills
Basic physics background relevant to electromagnetism:
charge, force, SI system of units; basic differential and
integral vector calculus
Concurrent study of introductory lumped circuit analysis

Course outline
Introduction to course:
Review of vector operations
Orthogonal coordinate systems and change of
coordinates
Integrals containing vector functions
Gradient of a scalar field and divergence of a vector field

Electrostatics:
Fundamental postulates of electrostatics and
Coulomb's Law
Electric field due to a system of discrete charges
Electric field due to a continuous distribution of charge
Gauss' Law and applications
Electric Potential
Conductors in static electric field
Dielectrics in static electric fields
Electric Flux Density, dielectric constant
Boundary Conditions
Capacitor and Capacitance
Nature of Current and Current Density
6

Electrostatics:

Resistance of a Conductor
Joules Law
Boundary Conditions for the current density
The Electromotive Force
The Biot-Savart Law

Magnetostatics:
Amperes

Force Law
Magnetic Torque
Magnetic Flux and Gausss Law for Magnetic Fields
Magnetic Vector Potential
Magnetic Field Intensity and Amperes Circuital Law
Magnetic Material
Boundary Conditions for Magnetic Fields
Energy in a Magnetic Field
Magnetic Circuits
Inductance

Dynamic Fields:
Faraday's Law and induced emf
Transformers
Displacement Current
Time-dependent Maxwell's equations and
electromagnetic wave equations
Time-harmonic wave problems, uniform plane waves in
lossless media, Poynting's vector and theorem
Uniform plane waves in lossy media
Uniform plane wave transmission and reflection on
normal and oblique incidence

Grading

Homework
20%
Midterm exam 40%
Final exam
40%

Vision:
Providing opportunities for intellectual growth in the context
of an engineering discipline for the attainment of professional
competence, and for the development of a sense of the social
context of technology.
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Examples of Electromagnetic
fields

Electromagnetic fields

Solar radiation
Lightning
Radio communication
Microwave oven

Light consists of electric and magnetic fields. An

electromagnetic wave can propagate in a
vacuum with a speed velocity c=2.998x108 m/s

f = frequency (Hz)
= wavelength (m)

c = f
11

Vectors - Magnitude and

direction
1. Cartesian coordinate system (x-, y-,
z-)

12

Vectors - Magnitude and

direction
2. Cylindrical coordinate system (, ,
z)

13

Vectors - Magnitude and

direction
3. Spherical coordinate system (, , )

14

Manipulation of vectors
To

find a vector from point m to n

ur
( xn and
xm )subtraction
a$x ( yn ym )a$ y ( zn zm )a$z
Vector A
addition

urmultiplication
ur
$ x ( A B )a$ y ( A B )a$z
A

(
A

B
)
a
vector vector =x vector
x
y
y
z
z
vector
scalar
= vector
ur u
r
A B ( Ax Bx )a$ x ( Ay B y )a$ y ( Az Bz )a$z

Vector

ur
Q 4a$x 5a$ y 20a$z
ur
ur
Q 4 p 4a$ y

15

Ex1:

The magnitude of the vector line from the origin (0, 0, 0) to point P

The unit vector pointed in the direction of vector

Point P (0, 1, 0), Point R (2, 2, 0)

uur
op 1ay

ur
ur
R (2, 2, 0) R 2a$x 2a$ y
ur
R Ra$R
ur
R R 22 22 2 2
ur
$x 2a$ y )
R
(2
a
a$R
R
2 2

ur
R

16

Ex2:

P (0,-4, 0), Q (0,0,5), R (1,8,0), and S

(7,0,2)

a) Find the vector from point P to point Q

b) Find the vector from point R to point S

17

 c)

Find the direction

ur ur
A B
of

18

Coulombs law

Law of attraction: positive charge attracts

negative charge
Same polarity charges repel one another

Forces between two charges

Coulombs Law

ur
Q1Q2 $
F 12
a
2 12
4 0 R12
Q = electric charge (coulomb, C)
0 = 8.854x10-12 F/m
109
F /m
19
36

Electric field intensity

An electric field from Q1 is exerted by a force

between Q1 and Q2 and the magnitude of Q2

ur
ur F 12
E1
Q2

V/m

or we can write

ur
E

Q $
a
2 R
4 0 R

V/m

20

Electric field lines

21

Spherical coordinate system

orthogonal point (r,, )

r = a radial distance from the origin to the point
(m)
= the angle measured from the positive axis (0
) representation in the spherical coordinate
A vector
= an azimuthal
system:
ur
r
r
r from x-axis (0
angle,
measured
A Ar a r A a A a
2)

22

Point conversion between cartesian

and spherical coordinate systems
A conversion
from P(x,y,z) to
P(r2, , 2 ) 2
r x y z
1

z
cos
r
1 y
tan
x

A conversion from
P(r, , ) to P(x,y,z)
x r sin cos
y r sin sin
z r cos

23

Unit vector conversion

(Spherical coordinates)
a$r

a$

a$

a$x

sin cos

cos cos

sin

a$ y

sin sin

cos sin

cos

a$ z

cos

sin

0
24

Find any desired component of a

vector

Take the dot product of the vector and a unit vector in th

desired direction to find any desired component of a vec
ur
Ar A a$r

ur
A A
a$

ur
A a$

differential element
dv = r2sindrdd
r
2
surface vector: ds r sin d d a$r
volume:

25

ur Transform the vector field

Ex3
G ( xz / y )a$x into spherical components
and variables

26

Ex4 Convert the Cartesian coordinate point

P(3, 5, 9) to its equivalent point in spherical
coordinates.

27

Line charges and the cylindrical

coordinate system

orthogonal point (, , z)
= a radial distance (m)
= the angle measured from x axis to the
projection of the radial line onto x-y plane
z = a distance z (m)
A vector representation in the cylindrical coordinate
ur
r
r
r
system:

A A a A a Az a z

28

Point conversion between cartesian

and cylindrical coordinate systems
A conversion
from P(x,y,z) to
P(r, , z)
x2 y2
1

y
tan
x
zz

A conversion from
P(r, , z) to P(x,y,z)
x cos
y sin
zz

29

Unit vector conversion (Cylindrical

coordinates)
a$

a$

a$z

a$x

cos

sin

a$ y

sin

cos

a$ z

1
30

Find any desired component of a

vector

Take the dot product of the vector and a unit vector in th

desired direction to find any desired component of a vec
ur
ur
ur
$
$
Ar A a r
A A
a
Az A a$z

differential element
dv = dddz
r
surface vector: ds d d a$z
r
ds d dza$
volume:

(top)
(side)
31

ur
$
$
$
B

ya

xa

za
x
y
z
Ex5 Transform the vector
into cylindrical coordinates.

32

Ex6 Convert the Cartesian coordinate point

P(3, 5, 9) to its equivalent point in cylindrical
coordinates.

33

Ex7 A volume bounded by radius from 3 to

4 cm, the height is 0 to 6 cm, the angle is
90-135, determine the volume.

34