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General Purpose OPAMP
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Norton OPAMP
Instrumentation OPAMP
Isolation OPAMP
Norton OPAMP
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Moderate values of the key parameters
Current differencing OPAMP ( have different internal structure)
Non-inverting input is derived from inverting input
Current mirror circuit is used
Instrumentation OPAMP
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Very high input impedance
Very large CMRR
Extremely low values of offsets
Single ended input
Internally combination of THREE OPAMPs.
Isolation OPAMP
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Output is electrically isolated from input
Differential input, single ended output
Isolation impedance in 1012 ohm, voltage 1kV
Interpreting OPAMP
A709 : First IC OPAMP in 1965 by Fairchild
A741 : Next
A741A, A741B, A741C and A741E
MC1741 : Motorola Corporation
LM741
: National Semiconductor
UA741CN
K8X442
4
1
VIN1
2
VIN2
3
4
1
-VCC
100K
VOUT
VIN2
VOUT
OPAMP characteristics
Input offset voltage : The differential voltage that
may exist internally although no input is
connected externally.
Input offset voltage drift : Rate of change of input
Therefore
output
may exist even if no input is
offset
voltagean
with
temperature.
connected.
Measured in Volt per degree celcius.
This is the voltage to be supplied at the input to
force the output to zero.
Typical value is 2 mVolt.
OPAMP characteristics
Input bias current : Average of the
two input currents, at the two inputs.
VB2
2mV
VB1
IB1
IB2
I B1 I B 2
IB
2
VO = 0
VO 0
OPAMP characteristics
Input offset current : Difference
of the two base currents, of an
balanced amplifier.
2mV
VO = 0
2mv
Frequency parameters
roll off : Gain decreases as frequency increases
Av
AvD
f1 AVD f C
.707AvD
fc
f1
Slew rate
Slew rate of OPAMP
Slew rate
d V Sin2ft
m
dt
S R Vm 2fCos 2ft volt / sec
Slew rate
Vm
0
f max
SR
Vm 2
OPAMP applications
Linear Application : Output changes in
accordance with input.
Example : inverting amplifier, Voltgae buffer,
noninverting amplifier, current controlled
voltage source etc.
Non-linear Application : Output wave shape is
different from that of input signal.
Example : Differentiator, integrator,
Comparator, Schimtt trigger, Zero crossing
detector etc.
OPAMP applications
Voltage Buffer : Isolating input from
output, with unity gain.
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V1
V1
R1
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-
Rf
Rf
Vo
1
If R f 0 Overall gain, 1
V1
R1
I1
Rf
Vo I1 R f
Comparator
VIN
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R1
VREF
+VCC
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Output
R2
-VCC
VREF
VREF
R1
R1 R2
+(VCC -2)
-(VCC -2)
Output
+(VCC -2)
-VCC
-(VCC -2)