CHEMISTRY

CHAPTER 1 :
INTRODUCTION
TO
CHEMISTRY

A) Chemistry And Its

Importance
1)Chemistry is the study of
composition, structure, properties
and interactions of matter.
2)All matter is chemical
3)Some common chemicals and
their uses in daily life :-

Chemicals

Uses

Sodium chloride (salt)

Preserve foods

Ethanoic acid
(vinegar)
Ethanol

Preserve foods
Make alcoholic drinks

Sulphuric acid

Produce detergent

Sodium hydroxide

To make soap

Ammonia

Take make fertiliser

Methane

As fuels

Chlorine

Bleaching agent,
disinfectant

4) Chemistry related careers are the careers

that required knowledge in chemistry when

carry out the job. Example :a) doctor
b) biochemist
c) pharmacist
d) chemical engineer
e) forensic scientist
f) pathologist
g) geologist
h) bacteriologist
i) nutritionist
j) Science teacher / lecturer
k) laboratory technician

5) Chemical based industries in Malaysia and

their contribution.

Chemical-Based
Industry
Petroleum Industry
Palm Oil Industry
Rubber Industry
Paint Industry
Detergent Industry
Pharmaceutical
Industry
Cosmetic Industry

Contributions

To generate income to
our economy
Creates job
opportunities
To support other
industries

Exercise 1
1) What is the meaning of chemistry ?
2) Name two chemicals used in each

of the following fields :

i) medicine
ii) agriculture
iii)food processing
iv) communication

3) Name two chemistry related careers

that may involved in each of the
following :i) treating patient suffering from food
poisoning
ii) producing more food for the worlds
population.
4) Give three benefits of chemical-based
industries in our countries.

B) Scientific Method
1) Scientific method is a systematic
method used to solve problems in
science.

2) 11 steps in scientific method are :Making

observatio
n

Making (Making a smart guess about

the phenomenon based on
inference
observation)
Identifying
problem
Making
hypothesis

(make a general statement

about the relationship
between a manipulated and
responding variables)

Identifying
variables
Controlling
the variables

Planning the
experiment
Collecting
data

(Identify the factor that

affects ; manipulated,
responding and fixed
variables)

Analysing &
Interpreting
data

Making
conclusion

Writing a
report

Recalled
Back !!!!!!!!
Collecting
data
Making
inference
Identifying
problem

Writing a
report

Making
conclusion

Analysing &
Interpreting
data

Making
observatio
n
Identifying
variables

Planning the
experiment

Making
hypothesis

Controlling
the variables

Inferences
Making a smart guess
about the
phenomenon based
on observation

Inferences
Situation 1 :

Inferences
Situation 2 :

Materials
Iron rod

Condition of
the bulb
Light up

Glass rod

Does not light up

Hypothesis
make a general
statement about the
relationship between a
manipulated and
responding variables

C) Scientific attitudes and noble

values
A chemist must practise positive scientific

attitudes and noble values when

conducting research.
Example of scientific attitudes :

Interest in
chemistry

Fair & just

Collaborat
ion

Scienti
fic
attitud
es

Dare to
try

Hygiene

Systema
tic

Curiosity

Diligent
& sustain

Honest
&
accurat
e

Rational,
creative,
critical
Farminded
Responsi
ble

Example of noble values :

Cherish the blessing

of God

Noble
values

Appreciate the
contribution of
science & technology
Understanding natural
occurrences
Appreciate the event
Creator