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Retaining Walls
Modes of Failure
External and Internal Stability
Estimation of Lateral Earth Pressure
Site Evaluation
Backfill Selection Criteria
GEO102
KEY Objective
Describe different types of MSE walls
commonly used in transportation
construction and discuss potential modes
of failure
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Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this lecture, the learner
will be able to
1.
2.
3.
5.
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References
http://www.dot.state.tx.us/s
ervices/bridge/retaining_wal
ls.htm
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MSE Walls
Easy to construct
Good appearance
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Facing
Original Ground
Surface
Retained
Fill
Reinforced
Backfill
Soil reinforcements
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20-25ft2
Min
thickness, 5.5-in
Cruciform, square, hexagonal, diamond
Larger
54ft2)
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rectangular
cruciform
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hexagonal
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Metallic Facings
Geosynthetic Facing
Postconstruction Facing
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Reinforcement Material
Two
types of materials
Metallic reinforcements
Nonmetallic reinforcement
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Reinforcement Material
Galvanized Wire Mesh
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Reinforcement Material
Galvanized Wire Mesh
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Reinforcement Material
Geogrids
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Facing
Retained
Fill
Original Ground
Surface
Reinforced
Earth Mass
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Sliding
Overturning
Bearing Capacity Failure
Deep Seated Shear Failure
Internal
Stability Requirements
Stability Requirements
Reinforcement Pull-out
Reinforcement Rupture
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Retained
Fill
Original Ground
Surface
Reinforced
Earth Mass
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Retained
Fill
Original Ground
Surface
Reinforced
Earth Mass
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Retained
Fill
Original Ground
Surface
Reinforced
Earth Mass
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Retained
Fill
Original Ground
Surface
Reinforced
Earth Mass
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Retained
Fill
Original Ground
Surface
Reinforced
Earth Mass
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Retained
Fill
Original Ground
Surface
Reinforced
Earth Mass
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Retained
Fill
Reinforced
Earth Mass
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Retained
Fill
Original Ground
Surface
Reinforced
Earth Mass
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Deformation
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of Reinforcement
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Washout
Aesthetics
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Site Evaluation
Design and Material Selection
Construction
Proper
Maintenance
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Site Evaluation
Topography
Geologic
Features
Rock outcrops
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Site Evaluation
Subsurface
Soil Conditions
Site Evaluation
Site
Existing
Surface/Subsurface
Drainage
Subsurface Exploration
Program
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Example 6.1
Site Evaluation
GIVEN:
Cross-sectional profile and TCP data pertaining to site
where an MSE wall is to be built
REQD:
Evaluate the site based on data provided and
recommend appropriate course of action
GEO102
Example 6.1
Site Evaluation
EXISTING SECTION
4(6)3(6)
3(6)4(6)
5(6)5(6)
8(6)10(6)
10(6)10(6)
PROPOSED SECTION
H = 23
ORIGINAL GROUND
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TCP Data
TCP Shear
Strength
4(6)3(6)
467 psf
CL
3(6)4(6)
467 psf
467 psf
5(6)5(6)
667 psf
Clay, tan (CL)
8(6)10(6)
1067 psf
Clay, brown (CL)
10(6)10(6)
667 psf
1067 psf
1333 psf
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FS = 0.97
C = 467 psf, = 0o
C = 2000 psf,
C = 750 psf,
= 34o
= 0o
C = 667 psf, = 0o
C = 1200 psf, = 0o
Based on the analysis the wall would not be stable.
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PEAK UNDRAINED
SHEAR STRENGTH
Rotate the vane slowly
until failure occurs.
Record the applied
torque to cause failure.
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TCP Data
4(6)3(6)
Vane Shear
Test Depth
1
Clay, tan (CL)
3(6)4(6)
Soil
PI
(%)
Shear
Strength
Su (raw)
(psf)
Shear
Strength
Su (actual)
(psf)
27
0.94
994
934
28
0.93
1012
941
10
20
1.00
1141
1141
13
25
0.95
1368
1300
5(6)5(6)
10
Clay, tan (CL)
8(6)10(6)
13
Clay, brown (CL)
10(6)10(6)
Su(actual) = * Su (raw)
= 1 0.5 Log (PI(%)/20))
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C = 750 psf,
= 34o
= 0o
C = 934 psf, = 0o
C = 1141 psf, = 0o
C = 1300 psf, = 0o
Based on the analysis the wall would be stable.
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Material Selection
Select Backfill
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Select Backfill
Select Backfill
For enhanced
performance
Default
Temporary
Walls
C
D
SIEVE SIZE
PERCENT
PASSING
3 in.
100
in.
0 50
No. 40
0 15
3 in.
100
No. 40
0 60
No. 200
0 15
3 in.
100
No. 200
0 30
3 in.
100
3/8 in.
0 - 15
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Tex-129-E
>3000 ohm-cm
pH
Tex-128-E
or
Resistivity
Tex-129-E
>1500 ohm-cm
Chloride
Tex-620-J
<100 ppm
Sulfate
Tex-620-J
<200 ppm
pH
Tex-128-E
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Example 6.2
Backfill Selection
GIVEN:
Gradation curves for 3 candidate backfill material
sources, Source 1, Source 2 and Source 3
REQD:
Determine whether they meet requirements for Type A, B,
C or D MSE Wall select backfill
What other information would you require about each
material before you can make a final determination about
their suitability
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Example 6.2
Backfill Selection
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Chapter 6 Feedback
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