The alimentary canal performs the digestive functions that are to ingest, digests, absorbs, and defecates. The esophagus is an organ in which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine.
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Anatomy & Physiology of the Digestive System-powerpoint
The alimentary canal performs the digestive functions that are to ingest, digests, absorbs, and defecates. The esophagus is an organ in which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine.
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The alimentary canal performs the digestive functions that are to ingest, digests, absorbs, and defecates. The esophagus is an organ in which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine.
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PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM The organs of the digestive system can be separated into two main groups: those forming the alimentary canal and the accessory digestive organs.
THE ALIMENTARY CANAL
The alimentary canal also called the Gastrointestinal Tract performs the digestive functions that are to ingest, digests, absorbs, and defecates. The organs of the alimentary canal are described as follows: MOUTH The mouth, buccal cavity, or oral cavity is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food and begins digestion by mechanically breaking up the solid food particles into smaller pieces and mixing them with saliva. The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane epithelium lining the inside of the mouth. PHARYNX The pharynx is the part of the neck and throat situated immediately posterior to (behind) the mouth and nasal cavity, and cranial, or superior, to the esophagus, larynx, and trachea. Both food and air pass through the pharynx, a flap of connective tissue called the epiglottis closes over the trachea when food is swallowed to prevent choking or aspiration. ESOPHAGUS The esophagus sometimes known as the gullet, is an organ in which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. Food is passed through the esophagus by using the process of peristalsis. STOMACH The stomach lies between the esophagus and the duodenum. It is on the left side of the abdominal cavity. The top of the stomach lies against the diaphragm. The connection between the stomach and the esophagus is called the cardiac sphincter. The cardiac sphincter prevents food from passing back to the esophagus. The other end of the stomach empties into the duodenum. The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine. The pyloric sphincter separates the stomach from the duodenum. Stomach is responsible for the second phase of digestion, and performs three vital functions: stores food, breaks down food into a chyme, and slowly empties chyme into the small intestine. SMALL INTESTINE The small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract (gut) following the stomach and followed by the large intestine, and is where the vast majority of digestion and absorption of food takes place. The small intestine is divided into three structural parts in the following manner: Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum. LARGE INTESTINE The large intestine is the last part of the digestive system and the final stage of the alimentary canal. Its function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter, and then to pass useless waste material from the body. The large intestine consists of the cecum and colon. It starts in the right iliac region of the pelvis, just at or below the right waist, where it is joined to the bottom end of the small intestine. From here it continues up the abdomen, then across the width of the abdominal cavity, and then it turns down, continuing to its endpoint at the anus THE ACCESSORY ORGANS The accessory organs (teeth, tongue, and several large digestive glands) assist the process of digestive breakdown in various ways. SALIVARY GLANDS The glands are found in and around the mouth and the throat. The major salivary glands are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. They all secrete saliva in mouth, the parotid through tubes that drain saliva, called salivary ducts, near the upper teeth, submandibular under the tongue, and the sublingual through many ducts in the floor of the mouth. Besides these glands, there are many tiny glands called minor salivary glands located in the lips, inner cheek area (buccal mucosa), and extensively in other linings of the mouth and throat. Salivary glands produce the saliva used to moisten your mouth, initiate digestion, and help protect your teeth from decay. TEETH Teeth are small whitish structures found in the jaws (or mouths) that are used to tear, scrape, and chew or masticate food . PANCREAS The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as an exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that pass to the small intestine. These enzymes help in the further breakdown of the carbohydrates, protein, and fat in the chyme. LIVER AND GALLBLADDER A liver is a soft, pinkish-brown, triangular organ. It is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity, resting just below the diaphragm. The liver lies to the right of the stomach and overlies the gallbladder. The liver is a vital organ that has a wide range of functions, a few of which are detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion. The liver plays a major role in metabolism and has a number of functions in the body, including glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, hormone production, and detoxification. The liver is also the largest gland in the human body. It lies below the diaphragm in the thoracic region of the abdomen. It produces bile, an alkaline compound which aids in digestion, via the emulsification of lipids. It also performs and regulates a wide variety of high-volume biochemical reactions requiring highly specialized tissues. The gallbladder or cholecyst, is a small non- vital organ which aids in the digestive process and concentrates bile produced in the liver. The gallbladder is a hollow organ that sits in a concavity of the liver known as the gallbladder fossa. It is divided into three sections: fundus, body, and neck. The neck tapers and connects to the biliary tree via the cystic duct, which then joins the common hepatic duct to become the common bile duct. GIT with Duodenal ulcer