AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION

Revisions of MARPOL
Annex VI
Entered into force in 2005

AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION

1. IMO and Regional Ship Air Emission Developments

Baltic Sea SECA from May 2006

North Sea/English Channel SECA from Nov 2007
Major Revision of MARPOL Annex VI completed in Oct 2008
Revised Annex VI effective from 1 July 2010
European Sulphur Directive governing emissions in port
(0.1% S at berth 1 Jan 2010)
Port regulations in California (USA), Vancouver (Canada) for ship berthing
The California Air Resources Board (CARB) adopted the Regulations to reduce emissions
from auxiliary diesel engines and diesel - electric engines operated on ocean-going vessels
within California waters and 24 nautical miles off the California baseline.

ISO on-going work on Marine Fuel Oil specifications

Discussion and development : of on-shore power supply - also called
Alternative Marine Power (AMP) or Cold-ironing
Green House Gases (GHG) limitations

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2. Key Amendments to MARPOL Annex VI cont.
Reg. 13 Progressive reductions in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions
Establishment of Emission Control Areas (ECAs) formerly only SECAs:
Emission Control Area is an area where the adoption of special mandatory measures for
emissions from ships is required to prevent, reduce and control air pollution from SOx, NOx
and particulate matter. Areas listed in Regulations 13 and 14.

Revised NOx-Code
Reg. 14 Reduced SOx-emission limits
Reg. 4 Expanded scope for equivalent measures
Clarified criteria for verifying compliant fuel
Reg. 15 Improved control on VOC-emissions
Reg. 18 New provision for Fuel Oil unavailability
Revised guidance for Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems

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3. Revised Marpol Annex VI

3.1. Regulation 13 - NOx emission and NOx Technical Code
NEW EXHAUST EMISSION NOx LEGISLATION

NOx limits

Requirements

Effective for

TIER I

SSE = 17.0 g/kWh

MSE = 45 x RPM(-0.2) g/kWh)
HSE = 9.8 g/kWh

Ships built: 01 Jan 2000 to

01 Jan 2011
(the standards in force)

TIER II

SSE = 4.4 g/kWh

MSE = 44 x RPM(-0.23) g/kWh)
HSE = 7.7 g/kWh

Ships built after

01 Jan 2011

TIER III

SSE = 3.4 g/kWh

MSE = 9 x RPM(-0.2) g/kWh
HSE = 2.0 g/kWh

Ships built after 01 Jan 2016

and operating in ECAs

SSE -Slow Speed Engines

MSE - Medium Speed Engines

HSE - High Speed Engines

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3.1.1. New measures on engines of ships built: Jan 1990 Dec 1999
The NOx emissions at Tier I level upgraded for engines of power
output > 5,000 kW and per cylinder displacement at or > 90 litres
The upgrading is provided with approved and cost effective
method for NOx limitation and should not:
reduce the engine rating by more than 1%
increase the fuel consumption by more than 2%, and
have negative effect on the engine durability or reliability
For Engines NOT complying with Tier I NOx emission limitations:
measures against ship only if there is a certified, efficient commercially
available system
rules for certification, verification and documentation of scrubbers
and upgrade at the ships first Renewal Survey if there is an approved
method for upgrading at least to Tier I standard
if system not available, the next Annual Survey after that method is available

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3.2. Regulation 14 - SOx & Particulate Matter emission limits
Sulphur Content of Fuel Oil Limits
Area

Sulphur content / Effective for

Open Sea (Global)

4.50%
3.50%
0.50%*

Prior to 1 Jan 2012

1 Jan 2012
1Jan 2020

SOx/PM Emission Control

Areas

1.50%
1.00%
0.10%

Prior to 1 Mar 2010

1 Jan 2012
1 Jan 2015**

Note: Sulphur content documented by supplier as required by Regulation 18

* Review of 0.50% standard to be carried out by experts by 2018 to determine availability of such fuel.
If not possible, then the final date is Jan 1, 2025)
* * From 1 Jan 2010 in EU ports at berth and inland waters (EU Directive 99/32 Amendment)

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3.3 Fuel changeover to be recorded:
Ships using separate fuel oils entering or leaving an ECA shall:
possess a written procedure indicating proper fuel oil change-over, providing
fuel oil system flushing of all fuel oils exceeding the permissible sulphur
content prior to entry into an ECA.
ensure that there is written record ( e.g. ER log book) of the volume of low
sulphur fuel oils in each tank as well as the date, time, and position of the ship
when any fuel-oil-change-over operation is completed prior to the entry into an
ECA or commenced after exit from such an area
Note: During the first twelve months immediately following an amendment designating a specific
ECA ,ships operating in that Emission Control Area are exempt from the above
Requirements.

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3.6. Fuel Oil Availability and Quality (Regulation 18)
If a ship is found not to meet the standards for compliant fuel oils,
the competent authority can require the ship to:
present a record of the actions taken to achieve compliance; and
provide evidence that it attempted to purchase compliant fuel oil and
consequently no measures taken against the ship
not to deviate from the voyage and not to be delayed
to notify its Administration and the relevant port of call each time it
cannot find the compliant fuel.
For IMO Resolution MEPC.182(59): 2009 GUIDELINES FOR THE SAMPLING OF FUEL OIL FOR
DETERMINATION OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE REVISED MARPOL ANNEX VI
This Resolution supersedes Res. MEPC.96(47)

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3.7. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Ships
according to IMO data - international shipping caused 2.7%
of the global CO2 emissions in 2007 (machinery exhaust gases).
Greenhouse gases were not significantly covered by IMO regulations
until: 5 Dec 2003, when IMO adopted resolution A.963(23) IMO
Policies and practices related to the reduction of greenhouse
gas emissions from ships.
MEPC is to:
identify and develop a work plan and timetable for GHG limitations
establish GHG emissions baseline guidelines for future application
create CO2 indexing scheme
develop technical, operational and market-based reduction solutions

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3.8. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Regulation 15
tankers subjected to vapour emission control shall be provided
with an approved Vapour Collection System (VCS) to be operated
during the loading of such cargoes*.
VCP shall Comply with IMO Guidelines (MSC/Circ.585)
revised Annex VI to MARPOL requires crude oil tankers 400 grt
to implement and keep onboard an approved VOC Management Plan.
(Effective as from 01 July 2010)
The plan is to be ship specific, taking into account IMO Guidelines

* for existing tankers not fitted with VCS systems, three years after respective terminal
requirements become effective

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Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) cont.
VOC Management Plan shall:
Provide written procedures for minimizing VOC emissions during the loading
and sea passage.
Give consideration to the additional VOC generated during Crude Oil Washing
Identify a person responsible for implementing the plan.
Be written in the working onboard language and, if it is not English, French or
Spanish, include an appropriate translation
Note: Regulation 15 shall also apply to gas carriers only if the type of loading and containment
systems allow safe retention of non-methane VOCs on board or their safe return ashore.