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Unsaturated hydrocarbons
– Double and triple bonds between carbons
– Not every carbon has each of its 4 electrons
bonded to 4 different atoms
– More chemically reactive than saturated
compounds, or alkanes
– Unsaturated hydrocarbons include alkenes
(double bonds) and alkynes (triple bonds)
Mullis 1
Naming Organic Compounds
1. Name the parent hydrocarbon: Use the
LONGEST STRAIGHT chain of carbon atoms.
2. Add the name of the alkyl groups attached to the
chain. If more than one group is attached, use
the proper numerical prefix to indicate how many
groups are attached. (2=di, 3-tri,etc.)
3. Assign numbers to the carbons in the parent
chain. Assign so that attached groups are at the
lowest number possible.
4. Insert the numbers in front of the proper group.
5. Separate position numbers from names with
hyphens. Mullis 2
Example: Naming Organic Compounds
1. Name the parent hydrocarbon.
CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH – CH3 hexane
CH3 CH3 CH3
2. Add the name of the alkyl groups attached to the chain.
3 methyl groups: trimethylhexane
3. Assign numbers to the carbons in the parent chain.
6 5 4 3 2 1
CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH – CH3
CH3 CH3 CH3
4-5. Insert position numbers and add hyphens.
2,3,5-trimethylhexane
Mullis 3
Name the following compounds
1. CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH2 – CH3
CH3
Mullis 6
Cyclic Compounds
• Cycloalkanes
– Saturated carbons joined in a ring
– Example is cyclohexane, C6H12
– Add cyclo- to beginning of name if the alkane is known to be
arranged in a circle (CnH2n ). No position number is needed if
only one alkyl group is attached.
• Aromatic compounds
– Unsaturated: Contains 3 double bonds
– Example is benzene, C6H6
H-C C-H
H-C C-H
CH3CH2- -CH3
H-C C-H
1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene benzene
Mullis 7
Addition Reactions
• Water adds to ethene: The double bond is broken and
an H attaches to one carbon and the OH attaches to the
other carbon.
H H HH
C C + H-OH H-C-C-H
H H HH
• Ethene can add to itself, breaking double bonds to
attach to one molecule after another.