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Cont... Historical
Background
The sources of air pollution are both natural and man made. As one
might expect, humans have been producing increasing amounts of
pollution as time has progressed, and they now account for the
majority of pollutants released into the air.
Some areas suffer more than others from air pollution. Cities with
large numbers of automobiles or those that use great quantities of
coal often suffer most severely from problems of air pollution.
Vehicles
Garbage
Burning
Bio-mass Burning
Industry
Natural Dust
Brick Kilns
Domestic
Burning
Stone
Crushers
Vehicular Pollution
Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Smoke, Dust,
Hydrocarbons, etc. are the main components of
vehicular emissions poured into the urban air.
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Biomass Burning
Using biomass as a fuel produces air pollution in the
form of carbon monoxide, NOx (nitrogen oxides), VOCs
(volatile organic compounds like benzene, toluene, ethyl
benzene, xylene, etc.), particulates, ground level ozone
(bad ozone) and other pollutants.
Black carbon is a pollutant createdby incomplete
combustion of fossil fuels, bio-fuels, and biomass which
is, possibly the second largest contributor to global
warming.
Natural Dust
Domestic Activities
Domestic burning of fuel i.e. wood, animal dung
especially in rural areas also contributes to air pollution.
The burning of garbage, straw and other things for
domestic use produce air pollution which is often a
cause for some health problems.
Dust arising from small scale domestic activities also
contributes to overall air pollution in the urban areas. In
city centers numerous outside food stalls and
restaurants also cause local air pollution due to frying
meat in oil and roasting on charcoal fires.
Industrial Emissions
In KPK there are about 1500 industrial units which include 305
Chips and Stone Crushers and 450 Brick Kilns.
The industrial units in KPK are scattered over a vast stretch of the
province with greater concentration in and around the cities of
Peshawar, Haripur, Charsadda, Nowshera and Gadoon Amazai.
Garbage Disposal
In most of the world, including Pakistan, the two ways of
dispensing with ordinary garbage are burn it or bury it.
Neither one is good for us or for the environment.
Burning garbage releases dangerous gases and dust
(particulate matter) which contribute to global warming
and pollute lakes, forests, oceans and cities.
Burying garbage also causes both air and water
pollution, and simply transporting it to the sites
consumes an increasing amount of valuable fossil fuels,
which produces more pollution.
Particulate control
Mechanical dust collectors
Electrostatic precipitators
An electrostatic precipitator (ESP), or electrostatic air
cleaner is a particulate collection device that removes
particles from a flowing gas (such as air) using the force of
an induced electrostatic charge. Electrostatic precipitators
are highly efficient filtration devices that minimally impede
the flow of gases through the device, and can easily
remove fine particulate matter such as dust and smoke
from the air stream.
POLLUTION CONTROL
Particulate scrubbers
Wet scrubber is a form of pollution control technology.
The term describes a variety of devices that use
pollutants from a furnace flue gas or from other gas
streams. In a wet scrubber, the polluted gas stream is
brought into contact with the scrubbing liquid, by spraying
it with the liquid, by forcing it through a pool of liquid, or
by some other contact method, so as to remove the
pollutants.
NOx control
VOC abatement
EPA has other local and foreign partners some of which are,
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