Knee and Thigh Anatomy

Bony Anatomy
Femur
Linea Aspera
Medial and Lateral
Condyles
Medial and Lateral
Epicondyles
Adductor Tubercle

Bony Anatomy
Femur
Tibia
Medial and Lateral
Tibia Plateaus (Tibial
Condyles
Intercondylar
Eminence
Tibial Tuberosity

Bony Anatomy
Femur
Tibia
Patella
Sesmoid Bone

Fibula

Knee Articulations
Tibiofemoral Joint
Modified hinge joint
2-3 degrees of freedom
Articulating surfaced
are not congruent

Knee Articulations
Patellofemoral Joint
5 facets
Odd facet most often
affected
Movement during
flexion/extension
Position
0,20,45,60-90

Medial/lateral tracking
position

Medial/ Lateral
Retinaculum
Why do we have this
joint?

Knee Articulations
Proximal Tibiofibular
Joint
Syndesmosis joint
Movement

Knee Secondary Restraints

Tbiofemoral Joint
Capsule
Synovial Membrane

Knee Secondary Restraints

Tbiofemoral Joint
Capsule
Synovial Membrane
Medial Collateral
Ligament (MCL)
Primary medial
stabilizer
2 layers
Tightness not equal
throughout ROM

Knee Secondary Restraints

Tibiofemoral Joint
Capsule
Synovial Membrane
Medial Collateral Ligament
(MCL)
Lateral Collateral Ligament
(LCL)
against No attachment to
capsule
Deep to biceps femoris
tendon
Cordlike
Primarily protects against

Knee Secondary Restraints

Tibiofemoral Joint
Capsule
Synovial Membrane
Medial Collateral
Ligament (MCL)
Lateral Collateral
Ligament (LCL)
Anterior Cruciate
Ligament (ACL)

Intracapsular
Course of ligament
Primary functions
Two Bundles
Strain Depends on?

Knee Secondary Restraints

Tibiofemoral Joint
Capsule
Synovial Membrane
Medial Collateral Ligament
(MCL)
Lateral Collateral Ligament
(LCL)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
(ACL)
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
(PCL)

Intracapsular
Course of Ligament
Primary Functions
Three components
Most tight at?

Screw Home Mechanism

Knee Secondary Restraints

Tibiofemoral Joint
Capsule
Synovial Membrane
Medial Collateral
Ligament (MCL)
Lateral Collateral
Ligament (LCL)
Anterior Cruciate
Ligament (ACL)
Posterior Cruciate
Ligament (PCL)
Arcuate Ligament
Complex
Composed of:
Functions

Knee Cartilage
Menisci
Introduction
Wedged structures
Vascular Supply
Functions

Medial Meniscus
C shaped
Firm attachment to
MCL

Lateral Meniscus
Smaller, more mobile
Meniscofemoral
Ligament (Ligament of
Wrisberg)

Knee Secondary Restraints

Proximal Tibiofibular
Joint
More stable than distal
Stabilized by
Proximal anterior
tibiofibular ligament
Proximal posterior
tibiofibular ligament

Primary Restraints - Musculature

Anterior
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Medialis

Primary Restraints - Musculature

Anterior
Posterior
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Popliteus

Popliteal Fossa
Formed by
Structures found within

Primary Restraints - Musculature

Anterior
Posterior
Pes Anserine Muscle
Group
Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus

Primary Restraints - Musculature

Anterior
Posterior
Pes Anserine Muscle
Group
Lateral
Tensor Fascia Lata
Iliotibial Band

Other Structures
Bursa
Prepatellar
Infrapatellar
Suprapatellar
Others

Other Structures
Bursa
Fat Pads