Design Criteria for

LP BYPASS SYSTEM

LP Bypass system provide a very

effective means of controlling reheat
steam flow during

Startup
Low-load / part load operation
Sudden load rejection

It enhances fast starting

capability of turbines from
all initial conditions e.g.
Cold condition
Warm condition
Hot Condition

LP steam-bypass system operate in

parallel with the turbine

Protect Condenser from excessive

temperature and pressure that
could result from sudden injection of
superheated steam

Ensure coordinated control between HP

and IP turbine control valves and the
steam bypass systems to operate at any
remaining load
Subsequently reloaded in a controlled
manner

Schematic Diagram of Bypass System

 The controls for LP Bypass system

are combination of electrical and
well proven hydraulic system
Electro-hydraulic converter
provides the necessary link
between hydraulic actuator and
electrical system

 The LPBypass Controller acts as a

maximum pressure Controller
It regulates the reheater pressure
either to the fixed set value or
suitably derived variable set value
If the reheater pressure exceeds
this set value, the Controller
causes the electro-hydraulic
converter to operate and initiate
bypass operation

Set Value formation

The Two set values fixed and variable
are formed for the LPBypass control
system
set value to be used is determined by a
maximum value selector
For the formation of variable set point,
a pressure transducer is used to
measure the steam pressure in HP
turbine

SEQUENCE OF EVENTS RESULTING

FROM LOAD REJECTION
Upon receiving load rejection signal from
electrical system:
Turbine Speed Controller assumes control
of the TG set
It initiates fast closure of HP & IP turbine
control valves through position controller
Fast closure of turbine control valves
cause an immediate decrease in HP 1st.
Stage pressure

SEQUENCE OF EVENTS RESULTING

FROM LOAD REJECTION
Pressure increases in main and
reheat steam systems
These pressure changes are sensed
by HP and LP Bypass controllers
Respective bypass valves are
opened

If LP steam- bypass system

fails or the condenser cannot
accept LP bypass steam ,
Safety Valves open and dump
steam to atmosphere

Hydraulic Mode of Operation

The controller controls plunger coil of Electro

Hydraulic Converter
With increase in voltage, the jet pipe is deflected
towards right
Converter piston moves downwards leading to
generation of LPB signal oil through Follow-up
pistons provided in the hydraulic control system

Hydraulic Mode of Operation

Two Follow-up Pistons actuate and open first stage

of water injection valve
Remaining two Follow-up Pistons generate signal
oil for opening LPBypass stop and control valve

ADJUSTMENT
OF
LPBYPASS
CONVERTER

Design of LPBypass Valves for 210

MW Steam Turbine

Controlled by
8 bar mineral
oil

Design of LPBypass Valve for 500 MW

Steam Turbine

Controlled by
36 bar FRF

Protection Devices

Low Vacuum Condensor Protection

Spray Water Pressure Switch
Condensor Temperature Protection

Protection Devices cause closure of

bypass station in case of following
eventualities
a) Condensor vacuum is low ( > 0.6 bar
absolute )
b) Spray water pressure is low (< 8.5 /
9.5 bar )
c) Temperature of condenser body is high
(> 90 C )

Water Injection Valves operate in

two stages

Second stage Water Injection Valves open

when steam flow through LPBypass Valves
increases more than 45 %

CURVE FOR LPBYPASS CONTROLLER

 Damping device