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BONDING
Chapter 9
Review….
What is a chemical bond?
Force that holds two atoms
together
What is an ionic bond?
An electrostatic force that holds
oppositely charged particles
together in an ionic compound
Compounds formed from metal
& nonmetal
Forms when….?
What are atoms always trying to
achieve?
Stability
Complete set of valence
electrons… OCTECT
What is a covalent bond?
Chemical bond that results from sharing
of valence electrons
Occurs b/w nonmetal & a nonmetal
Balance b/w attractive and repulsive forces
2 Hydrogen Atoms
Single Covalent Bonds
A single covalent bond –Atom shares 1 pair
(2) electrons.
Shared pairs – both elements count the
electron pair to achieve octet
Lone pairs – pair of electrons that are not
shared b/w the atoms
Lewis structures- Use electron dot diagram to
show how atoms are arranged in a molecule.
..
H Cl
..
..
Unshared or
Lone pair (LP)
shared or Bond pair
In the Fluorine Molecule…..
How many bonding pairs are there in each?
1
How many lone pairs are there each?
3
Multiple Covalent Bonds
Double covalent bonds share two
pairs of electrons.
CO2 O=C=O
Triple covalent bonds share three
pairs of electrons.
N2 :N=N:
Covalent Bond Formation in
Hydrogen
characterized by
Side-to-side overlap.
Electron density
above and below
the internuclear
axis.
Single Bonds vs. Multiple
bonds
Single bonds are In a multiple bond
always σ bonds, one of the bonds is
because σ overlap a σ bond and the
is greater, resulting rest are π bonds.
in a stronger bond
and more energy
lowering.
Lewis Dot Structures
1.Determine the number of Valence e- for all
atoms in the molecule
a.Divide the Ve- by 2 to get pairs (2 dots or 1 line)
2.Decide on central atom (least electronegative
or furthest to the left).
a.Hydrogen & halogens are terminal atoms
3.Connect all atoms to the central atom by a
bonding pair (single line)
4.Place remaining pairs around all atoms before
moving on to central atom.
5.Check for octet (not H)
a.If atom does not have an octet, move lone pairs
from a terminal atom to create a double or a
triple bond.