ENGLISH FOR STUDENTS

OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
Ms. TRAN Van Ty
Jun 2015

LESSON 3 OIL PRICE

The higher the
crude quality
the higher the
market price.
Light sweet
crudes carry a
price premium
relative to
medium and
heavy sour
crudes.

LESSON 3 OIL PRICE

USD/barrel
Barrel = 159 liters
Theprice of oil, or theoil price: spot priceof
abarrelofbenchmark crude oil.
-North America: West Texas Intermediate (WTI)
(TexasLightSweet
-WTI is a lightcrude oil, contains about 0.24% sulfur, rating it a
sweet crude.

LESSON 3 VALUE CHAIN

LESSON 3 VALUE CHAIN

LESSON 3 - INTRODUCTION
Oil refinery products list
Products

Cylinder of LPG Sample of

gasoline

Sample of
kerosene

Sample of
diesel fuel

LESSON 2 GRAMMAR
Comparison with adjectives
Adjectives
One syllable
Three or more syllables
Two syllables

Comparative
forms
-er
more/less

Superlative
forms
-est
most/least

more/less

most/least

Participle adj
pleased, worried, boring
Adj ending in ful and less
careful, careless
afraid, alike, alert,
ashamed, alone, aware
caution, certain, complex,
confident, eager, exact,
normal, frequent, modern,
recent

LESSON 2 GRAMMAR
Comparison with adjectives
Adjectives
Two syllables

Comparative
forms

Superlative
forms

-er or more/less

-est or
most/least

Other adj
Adj has a comparative or
superlative meaning
Complete, equal,
favourite, ideal, unique

NO

NO

To say that as one thing changes, another thing also

changes
Cng th cng
The er/more/less + adj + S + V, the er/more/less + adj +
S+V
The better the joke (is), the louder the laugh (is).
The longer Sue stays in Canada, the less likely she will ever

LESSON 2 GRAMMAR
Comparison with adjectives
ENOUGH
Enough + NOUN
Ex. Is there enough bread?
Do you have enough money?
ADJ + enough
Ex. The house was comfortable enough but not luxurious.
We are not in a strong enough financial position to cut
taxes.
ADJ + NOUN
I havent got big enough nails for the job.
I havent got enough big nails for the job.

LESSON 2 GRAMMAR
Comparison with adjectives
TOO + ADJ + TO
qu .
The beams are too weak to support the roof.
She was too ashamed to admit her mistake.
If we need to mention the things or people involved, we do
this with for.
The garage was just about big enough for two cars to fit in.
The suitcase was too small (for him) to get all his clothes
in.

LESSON 2 GRAMMAR
Exercises
Complete the sentences with an appropriate comparative
or superlative form of the given adjective.
1.I feel much (relaxed) now that the exams are over.
2.Our new car is a little (wide) than our old one, but still fits
easily into the garage.
3.Her latest speech was strong and confident, and some people
now consider her to be the (forceful) figure in British politics.
4.Scientists claim that oil pollution is now the (common) cause of
death among sea birds.
5.Its has been the (hot) day in London for 35 years.
6.The alkenes are (chemically reactive) than the alkanes.
7. The (soon) you start studying for your English examination,
the (good) for you.
8. The (efficient) machines we have, the (few) workers are
required.

LESSON 2 GRAMMAR
Exercises
Complete the sentences with an appropriate comparative
or superlative adjective.
1.I feel much (relaxed) now that the exams are over.
I feel much more relaxed now that the exams are over.
2. Our new car is a little (wide) than our old one, but still fits
easily into the garage.
.Our new car is a little wider than our old one, but still fits easily
into the garage.
3. Her latest speech was strong and confident, and some people
now consider her to be the (forceful) figure in British politics.
Her latest speech was strong and confident, and some people
now consider her to be the most forceful figure in British politics.
4. Scientists claim that oil pollution is now the (common) cause
of death among sea birds.
Scientists claim that oil pollution is now the most common cause
of death among sea birds.

LESSON 2 GRAMMAR
Exercises
Complete the sentences with an appropriate comparative
or superlative adjective.
5. Its has been the (hot) day in London for 35 years.
Its has been the hottest day in London for 35 years.
6. The alkenes are (chemically reactive) than the alkanes.
The alkenes are more chemically reactive than the alkanes.
7. The (soon) you start studying for your English examination,
the (good) for you.
The sooner you start studying for your English examination, the
better for you.
8. The (efficient) machines we have, the (few) workers are
required.
The more efficient machines we have, the fewer workers are
required.

LESSON 2 GRAMMAR
Exercises
Translate into English
1. Bn hc ngn ng cng sm th cng d dng.
2. Nhit cng cao th vt cht cng sn sng phn hy.
3. Vn ny khng quan trng lm chng ta lo
lng.
4. Vic r r kh nghim trng cnh st s tn ta
nh.
5. ng ti ngh rng ng qu gi hc.
6. Gi du m qu thp cho vic khai thc cc m du
c tr lng nh c li v mt kinh t.

LESSON 2 GRAMMAR

Exercises

Translate into English

1. Bn hc ngn ng cng sm th cng d dng.
Learn languages/ soon young/ easily
2. Nhit cng cao th vt cht cng sn sng phn hy.
Temperature/ high/ substance/ readily/ decompose
3. Vn ny khng quan trng lm chng ta lo lng.
problem/ important/ enough/ cause make/ worry concern.
4. Vic r r kh nghim trng cnh st s tn ta nh
gas leak/ serious/ enough/ police/ evacuate/ building.
5. ng ti ngh rng ng qu gi hc.
grandfather/ think/ old/ learn.
6. Hin ti gi du m qu thp cho vic khai thc cc m du c
tr lng nh c hiu qu v mt kinh t.
Currently/ oil price/ low/ production/ oil deposit/ reserves/ small/
efficient/ economically.

LESSON 2 GRAMMAR

Exercises

Translate into English

1. Bn hc ngn ng cng sm th cng d dng.
The younger you start learning languages, the more easily you
learn.
2. Nhit cng cao th vt cht cng sn sng phn hy.
The higher the temperature, the more readily the substance will
decompose.
3. Vn ny khng quan trng lm chng ta lo lng.
This problem isnt important enough to cause us concern.
4. Vic r r kh nghim trng cnh st s tn ta nh.
The gas leak was serious enough for the police to evacuate the
building.
5. ng ti ngh rng ng qu gi hc.
My grandfacther thinks he is too old to learn.
6. Hin ti gi du m qu thp cho vic khai thc cc m du c

LESSON 4 HYDROCARBONS
Alkine (Alkyne)
Alkene

Alkane =
paraffin
/lkein/ /
prfin/
CnH2n+2
Methane /mi:ein/
Ethane /e:ein/
Propane [prou'pein]
Butane ['bju:tein]
N-butane
Iso-butane
Hexane ['heksein]

Single
bond
Bond
Lin kt
Covalent
Cng ha
tr

/lki:n/

/lkan/

Ethene =
Ethyne =
ethylene
acetylene
['ei:n] ['eili:n] /i:ain/
/'setili:n/
Propylene
['prpili:n]

Double
Triple
bond
bond
Ionic bond
Lin kt ion
Covalent bond
Lin kt cng
ha tr

Methyl /'meil/
Methanol /'me
nl/
Ethyl /'eil/
Ether /'i:/
Ethanol /'enl/

LESSON 4 - Vocabulary
Cyclic hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon vng
Ring of carbon atoms
Vng carbon
Cyclohexane
/,saiklou'heksein/
Aromatic /,rou'mtik/
Hp cht thm
Benzene /'benzi:n/
Toluene /'tlju:in/
Xylene /'zaili:n/

Reactive (a)
Hot ng
Chemical reactivity
hot ng ha
hc

Saturated
Bo ha, no
Unsaturate
d
Volatile

Derivative
Dn xut

LESSON 4 - Vocabulary
Fossil energy
Nng lng ha
thch
Natural gas
Kh thin nhin
Petroleum
Du m
Oil and Gas
industry
Cng nghip du
kh
Natural resources
Ti nguyn thin
nhin
Coal
Than
Minerals

Renewable
energy
Nng lng ti to
Sunlight
Wind
Rain
Tides
Waves
Geothermal
heat
a nhit

LESSON 4 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

LESSON 4 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

LESSON 4 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

FIND THE NAMES OF COUNTRIES AND STATES

LESSON 4 PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

LESSON 4 PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS
Choose the one that should be corrected
1. A carbon-carbon double bond is the most reaction part of an
alkene.
A
B
C
D
2. A substance is a form of matter that have a definite composition
and distinct
A
B
C
D
properties.
3. A physical property can be measured and observe without
changing the
A B
C
D
composition or identity of a substance.
4. A molecular may contain atoms of the same element or atoms of
two or more
A
B
C
elements joined in a fixed ratio.

LESSON 4 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Choose the one that should be corrected
6. Molecular hydrogen is a colorless, odorness and nonpoisonous gas.
A
B
C
D
7. Most simplest aromatic compounds are named as derivatives of
benzene.
A
B
C
D
8. Many of the solid inorganic and organic compounds that are used
in the laboratory
A
B
were purity by fractional crystallization.
C
D
9. The dependence of the solubility of a solid on temperature various
considerably.
A
B
C
D
10. Crude oil often contain water, inorganic salts, suspended solids,
and water-soluble
A
B
C
trace metals.

LESSON 4 OVERVIEW REFINING

PROCESS
Crude oil
Water
Inorganic salts
Suspended
solids
Water-soluble
trace metals

DESALTING
DEHYDRATI
ON
To reduce:
Corrosion
Plugging
Fouling of equipment
To prevent poisoning
the catalysts in
processing units

LESSON 4 OVERVIEW REFINING

PROCESS

LESSON 4 OVERVIEW REFINING

PROCESS
Crude oil is combustible!
Why crude isnt burned as fuel without refining?
Two basic reasons:
modern engines not run on crude oil
most crudes contain lighter hydrocarbons so
highly inflammable must be handled by very
experienced men
Safe if flash point > 65oC
Refining to remove the more volatile parts!

LESSON 4 OVERVIEW REFINING

PROCESS
Separat
e
Combin
e

groups of
similar
Crude oil:
molecule
mixture of
scuts
hydrocarbon, REFINING
from C1-C60
PROCESSES
fraction
s
C1-C4: Gas
Chemica
different
Rearrange
C5-C19: Liquid ls
hydrocarb
structures, bonding
>C20: Solid
on
Catalyst
molecules
s
and
Heat
compound
Pressure
s.

LESSON 4 REFINING PROCESS

Prima
ry
feedsto
ck

highlyDistillati
Redistillationconcentrat
Basic
on
ed
fractions
intermedi
Petroleum
ates
gas
Gasoline
Naphtha
Kerosene
Gas oil
Residue

LESSON 4 REFINING PROCESS

Second
ary

Aim

TREATMENT
PROCESSES
Remove impurities
from the distilled
fractions

Sulfur

CONVERSION PROCESSES
Change the sizes and/or
the structures of
hydrocarbons
Why?
Products from simple
Desulfurization distillation products
Sweetening
required by marketplace
How?

Hydrotreat
ing

Hydrodesulfuriza
tion

LESSON 4 REFINING PROCESS

CONVERSION PROCESSES
Thermal cracking

Decomposi
tion
Unificati
on

Catalytic
cracking
Alkylation
Polymerization
Isomerization

Alteratio
n

Catalytic
reforming

LESSON 4 DISTILLATION