S. B.

Patil College of
Engineering
Department of Electrical

103004 : Basic Electrical

Engineerin
Engineering

Electrostatics
The branch of engineering which deals
with

charges at rest is called

Electrostatics.
The branch of engineering which deals
with

the flow of electrons is called

Current Electricity.
SBPCOE Dept. of Electrical Engineering 2013-14

Coulombs Laws for

Electrostatics
1) First Law:Like charges repel each other
and unlike charges attract each other.
2) Second Law:- The Force between two
charges Q1 & Q2 separated by a distance
d

is

proportional

to

product

of

Magnitudes of

charges and inversely

proportional to

square of the distance

between them.
SBPCOE Dept. of Electrical Engineering 2013-14

Expression for Force between Charges

SBPCOE Dept. of Electrical Engineering 2013-14

Properties of Electric Lines of

Force
Originates on the positive
charge & Terminates on
negative charge.
Never touch each other
Enter or leave a conducting surface at right angle.
Lines opposite direction ---attract each other
Lines in same direction --- repel each other.
Do not form a closed loop.
Pass through a dielectric medium, but do not pass
through a charged
body.
SBPCOE Dept. of Electrical Engineering 2013-14

Electric Field
The electric or electrostatic field is
defined as the region around a charged
body

where

another

charged

body

experiences a mechanical force.

Electric Flux ()
The electric flux () is defined as the
number

of

lines

of

force

in

any

particular electric field.

It is measured in coulomb (C).
One coulomb of electric flux is
defined as the

flux that originates

from a positive charge of 1C.

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Electric Flux Density (D/)

The electric flux density (D) is defined as the

flux per unit area measured at right angles to

the direction of flux.
It is measured in coulomb/sq. meter (C/m2).
D= /A
The Electric Flux Density is also called

as Displacement Density.

Electric Field Strength or Field

Intensity (E)
The Electric Field strength or field
intensity is defined as the mechanical
force experienced by a unit positive
charge when it is placed at any point in
the electric field.
E=F/Q
F=E Q
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Electric Field Strength or Field

Intensity (E)

The direction of electric field strength at any

point is same as the direction of force on a

positive charge situated at that point.
In other words the direction of electric field

strength at any point is the direction of the

electric lines of force passing through that
point.
It is a vector Quantity.
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Expression for Electric Field Intensity

(E)

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Relation between D & E

The flux density at any point is proportional to the
intensity of electric field at that point.
Therefore, D E
D= K E
Where K is constant of proportionality
And

D= E

K=

and

= 0 r

12

Permittivity
Permittivity is the property of medium

which allows the electric flux to be

established in it.
Followings are the Permittivity
Absolute Permittivity
Permittivity of Free space or Vacuum
Relative Permittivity
13

Absolute Permittivity
It is define as the ratio of electric flux
density in particular medium to the
electric field strength producing that
flux density.

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Permittivity of Free space or Vacuum

It is define as the ratio of electric flux
density in air or vacuum to the electric
field strength producing that electric
flux density.

Do
o
Eo

15

Relative Permittivity
It is define as the ratio of electric flux
density in a dielectric medium to the
electric flux density in air or vacuum,
provided the electric field strength is
same in both the cases.

D
r
Do

16

Electric Potential
It is the quantity which decides the direction of
flow of electric charges.
P
infinite distance
The electric potential at point p is defined as the
work done in bringing the unit positive charge
from infinity to point P against the electric field.

19

Capacitor or Condenser
Any two conducting surfaces separated by
an

insulating

material

is

called

CAPACITOR or CONDENSER.
Dielectric
Material

Conducting
Plates

Conducting
Plates

20

Capacitor or Condenser
Such an arrangement is used to store large
quantity of charge at low potential. That is, it has
the property to store electrical energy in the form
of electrostatics.
All

capacitors

consist

of

the

two

parallel

conducting plates separated by an insulating

material called Dielectric.
The ability of a capacitor to store a charge
is called capacitance.
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Principle of Capacitor
SW

22

Principle of Capacitor
Direction of
conventional
Current

SW

A
C

23

Principle of Capacitor
Direction of
conventional
Current

SW

An Electric Field exist between

two charged plates

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Principle of Capacitor
SW

No current flows when

capacitor fully charged.

25

Principle of Capacitor
SW

A Capacitor can retain charge

for a definite time

26

Principle of Capacitor
Direction of
conventional
Current

SW

A Charged Capacitor
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Capacitance
The ability of a capacitor to store a

charge is called capacitance.

And charge stored in capacitor is directly

proportional to the potential difference across

it.

Q V
Q C *V

Or

Q
C
V called Capacitance
C is constant
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Capacitance of Parallel Plate

Capacitor with uniform medium
+
Q

-Q

E
d
V

29

Capacitance of Parallel Plate

Capacitor with uniform medium
+
Q

r
E
d
V

-Q

orA
C
d

Farads

C r
CA
1
C
d
30

Capacitance of Parallel Plate

Capacitor with composite medium
V1

V2

V3

SBPCOE Dept. of Electrical Engineering 2013-14

31

Capacitance of Parallel Plate

Capacitor with composite medium
V1

V2

V3

oA
C
d

r
SBPCOE Dept. of Electrical Engineering 2013-14

32

Energy Stored in a Capacitor

33

Energy Stored in a Capacitor

34

Capacitors in Series
C1

V1

C2

V2

C3

V3

35

Capacitors in Parallel
C1 Q
1

C2 Q
2

C3 Q
3

V
36

Capacitor Charging &

Discharging

SBPCOE Dept. of Electrical Engineering 2013-14

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