Chapter 1

Tutorial 1

Question 1
Determine the values of E and P for each of
the following signals:
x1(t) = e-2tu(t)
x2(t) = ej(2t+/4)
x3(t) = cos(t)
x1[n] = (0.5)nu[n]
x2[n] = ej(/2n + /8)
x3[n] = cos(n/4)

Solution
2

E lim

E lim

x (t )

dt

x (t )

dt

x[ n ]

n N
T

1
x (t ) dt

T
2T T
N
1
2
P lim
x
[
n
]

N
2 N 1n N
P lim

x[ n ]

Solution
a. E = and P = 0
b. E = and P = 1
c. E = and P =
d. E = 4/3 and P = 0
e. E = and P = 1
f. E = and P =

Question 2
Let x[n] be a signal with x[n]=0 for n<-2 and
n>4. For each signal given below, determine
the values of n for which it is guaranteed to be
zero.

X[n-3]
X[n+4]
X[-n]
X[-n+2]
X[-n-2]

Solution
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

The
The
The
The
The

signal
signal
signal
signal
signal

will
will
will
will
will

be
be
be
be
be

zero
zero
zero
zero
zero

for
for
for
for
for

n<1 and n>7.

n<-6 and n>0.
n<-4 and n>2.
n<-2 and n>4.
n<-6 and n>0.

Question 3
Let x(t) be a signal with x(t)=0 for t<3. For each
signal given below, determine the values of t for
which it is guaranteed to be zero.

X(1-t)
X(1-t) +x(2-t)
X(3t)
X(t/3)

Solution
a.
b.
c.
d.

The
The
The
The

signal
signal
signal
signal

will
will
will
will

be
be
be
be

zero
zero
zero
zero

for
for
for
for

t>-2.
t>-1.
t<1.
t<9.

Question 4
Consider a discrete-time system with input x[n]
and output y[n]. The input-output relationship
for this system is
y[n] = x[n]x[n-2]
Is the system memoryless?
Determine the output of the system when
the input is A[n], where A is any real or
complex number.
Is the system invertible?

Solution
a. The system is not memoryless because y[n]
depends on past values of x[n].
b. The output of the system will be
y[n] =A[n] A[n-2] = 0.
c. From the results of part (b), we may conclude
that the system output is always zero for inputs
of form [n-k]. K I. Therefore, the system is
not invertible.

Question 5
For each of the following input-output relationship,
determine whether the corresponding system is
linear, time invariant or both.
Y(t) = t2X(t-1)
Y[n] = x2[n-2]
Y[n] = x[n+1] x[n-1]
Y[n] = od{x(t)}
System is linear if:
y3(t) = ay1(t) + by2(t) or y3[n] = ay1[n] + by2[n]
System is time-invariant if:
y2(t) = y1(t-t0) or y1[n] = y2[n-n0]

Solution
a. The system is linear & not time-invariant.
i. x1(t) y1(t) = t2x1(t-1)
x2(t) y2(t) = t2x2(t-1)
And x3(t) = ax1(t) + bx2(t)
x3(t) y3(t) = t2x3(t-1)= t2(ax1(t-1) + bx2(t-1)) =
ay1(t) + by2(t)
the system is linear

Solution
ii. y1(t) = t2x1(t-1)
and let x2(t) = x1(t-t0)
y2(t) = t2x2(t-1) = t2x1(t-1-t0)
Also not that: y1(t-t0) = (t-t0)2x1(t-1-t0) y2(t)
means, y2(t) y1(t-t0) The system is not timeinvariant.
b. The system is not linear & time-invariant.
c. The system is linear & time-invariant.
d. The system is linear & not time-invariant.

Question 6
A continuous-time signal x(t) is show in Fig. 1.
sketch and label carefully each of the following
signals:
2

x(t-1)
x(2-t)
-2
-1
x(2t+1)
x(4-t/2)
[x(t) + x(-t)]u(t)
x(t)[(t+3/2) - (t-3/2)]

0
-1

Solution

Question 7
A discrete-time signal x[n] is show in Fig. 2. sketch
and label carefully each of the following signals:
X[n-4]
1
X[3-n]
1/2
1/2
X[3n]

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
X[3n+1]
-1/2
X[n]u[3-n]
-1
x[n-2][n-2]
0.5x[n] + 0.5(-1)nx[n]
X[(n-1)2]

Solution