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Cognition is the:
The process of knowing, as well as what is known.
Cognition refers to the higher mental processes.
It is through these mental processes that humans understand
the world, process information, make judgments and
decisions, and communicate knowledge to others.
Memory, intelligence, and language are important aspects of
cognition.
The term cognition is used in several different loosely related
ways.
.
Cognitive Psychology
The branch of psychology that studies cognition, and related areas and
issues.
Cognition is commonly known as Thinking
What Is Thinking???
The information that our mental faculties receive or generate is in the
form of mental representations.
These mental representations may be in various forms e.g. in terms of
words, visual images, or may be sounds.
Most of the time, human beings are thinking. Even when they stop
thinking or reading or writing, ones thought wonders on something else
and this can be past, present or future or pleasant or un pleasant, or it
may be even day- dreaming; they all are the part of thinking phenomena
Thinking
Thinking is the process whereby these mental representations are
manipulated. The process of thinking transforms these
representations into a new and different form. The transformation
may be made:
For finding answers to questions
For finding solutions to problems
For finding facts and exploring reality
The same applies to other objects and event e.g. furniture, fruit,
clothes etc
When someone asks you, what is the main thing required for your
room? One may start talking in terms of items like, bed, chairs,
curtain, carpets etc, or furniture and fixtures as a single category.
a) Artificial concepts
b) Natural concepts
c) Prototype concepts
a) Artificial Concepts
But our every day concepts are much more difficult than these
concepts. e.g. what is the definition of an animal?
b) Natural Concepts
Some concepts are simple in the sense that they are clearly
defined.
But some concepts are rather difficult to define. These are defined
in a variety of ways, and marked by a set of complex features.
c) Prototypes
Examples of a concept that is typical and highly
representative of a concept.
Prototypes are used to define and explain objects and
ideas that cannot be defined in a clear-cut and
straightforward manner.
E.g. the prototype of a table can be the dining table, or the
prototype of a bird can be a crow.Agreement on prototypes
Usually people in a society, or those belonging to a
particular discipline, are unanimous about the prototypes of
a concept e.g. if we have to give a prototype of a vehicle,
then we will talk about a car and not and escalator or
elevator, although these also move and take us from one
place to another.
Humans are the only ones who are capable of using foresight as
well as hindsight
Reasoning
It is the ability to use reason, logic, past experience,
and learn information for mental processing.
For decision-making, and problem solving etc.
Deductive Reasoning
Deductive reasoning is the process whereby logical
conclusions, inferences, and implications are drawn
by using a set of assumptions. These inferences are
then generalized over, or applied to, specific cases.
The assumptions or premises that are used for drawing
conclusions are thought to be true and base upon reality.
In many cases they are considered to be
unchallengeable.
But at times these premises may turn out to be false
when tested in reality e.g. all men are brave, or men do
not cry.
1. ANALYTICAL THINKING
Analysis of the facts is required to prove or disprove the
hypotheses
Analysis provides an understanding of issues and drivers behind
the problem
Root Cause Analysis is an effective method of probing it helps
identify what, how, and why something happened.
Analytical Thinking follows the scientific approach to problem
solving Problem Hypothesis,Solution, Analysis and Facts.
2. IMPLEMENTAL THINKING
Implementation is the carrying out, execution, or
practice of a plan, a method, or any design for doing
something. As such, implementation is the action that
must follow any preliminary thinking in order for
something to actually happen.
In other words it is the process of putting your
ideas into act.
3. PRACTICAL THINKING
Another term for thinking, knowing and
remembering.
Does the way we think really matter?
Maybe by studying the way we think, we can
eventually think better.
It actually depends on thinking in a practical
Possible way.
4.Critical Thinking
Critical thinking is a very important skill to develop.
Critical thinking , in general, refers to higher-order
thinking that questions assumptions.
It is a way of deciding whether a claim is true, false,
or sometimes true and sometimes false, or partly true
and partly false.
5. Creative Thinking
Ability to produce something new through
imaginative skill, whether a new solution to a problem, a
new method or device, or a new artistic object or form.
The term generally refers to a richness of ideas and
originality of thinking