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Courtyard:
special places that are outside yet almost inside, open to sky,
usually in contact with the earth, but surrounded by rooms.1
Courtyards have been most popular in residential architecture all
over the world and in all climatic regions.
Air, light, privacy, security, and tranquilityare properties nearly
universally desired behind the courtyard
Regardless of geographic barriers,
religious-cultural traditions and political
differences, the courtyard form has
emerged in all the civilizations of the
world.
Geographically, spread mainly in North
Africa, Mesoamerica, the Middle East,
and periphery regions (Mediterranean:
Spain, Greece etc.), India, Bangladesh,
China, Pakistan, Iran as the predominant
form in indigenous architecture with hotPueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, NM
dry, moderate and/or warm humid
climates.
The earliest form of courtyard architecture has either evolved from the
encampments of the nomadic tribes or the fenced compound dwellings of the
2
first agrarian
communities.
1.Reynolds,
John. Courtyards:
Aesthetic, Social and Thermal Delight.2002. New York: John Wiley
2. Sullivan, Chip. 2002. Garden and Climate. New York: McGraw-Hill.
DOUARS
Kraals of Bechuanaland
Noualas
Compound at Tangassoko
Farm House
Japanese dwelling
Malaysia
GREEK HOUSE
evolved from the more primitive megaron
At Delos
At Lindos
At Priene
Roman House
Domus
inspired by the light and airiness of
Greek peristyle houses and the
atrium houses of the Etruscans.
Roman house with two interior courts,
the peristylum and atrium
Usually one-storey high, and that all rooms
were lit by relatively small openings facing
the interior
Light from the
entrance and
from the center
atrium.
Roman atrium
often contained a
central pool used
to collect
rainwater, called
an impluvium.
peristylum
1 Atrium
3 Vestibulum
5 Impluvium
7 Triclinium
9 Exhedra/Oecus
11 Cubiculum
13 Posticum
15 Cucina (kitchen
Vestibulum
2 Peristylium
4 Fauces
6 Ala
8 Tablinum
10 Taberna
12 Andron
14 Bathroom
Fauces |
Atrium |
Ala |
Tablinum | Peristylium
Renassaince palazzo
Sahn
The sahn is used as a private garden for the
family, a service yard during the day and in the
summer it would be used as a family room.
Usually the entrance of the house does not lead
to the sahn directly,
lead to the sahn through corridor called a majaz
allowed the residents to open the main door and
allow guests into the reception room, called the
majlis.
usually surrounded by
a colonnade, and has
a howz, or pool of
water, in the middle.
The iwan, which is a
family room with only
three walls, usually
overlooks the sahn,
RENAISSANCE
Quadrangle
A space or courtyard, usually
rectangular (square or oblong) in plan,
the sides of which are entirely or mainly
occupied by parts of a large building.
Patio houses
Spanish
2 dwelling types in
Spain inspired by the
Roman atrium houses.
In Northern Spain the
houses were more
solid. And the climate
in Southern areas
favored outdoor
activity
This style was later adopted into an L-shaped plan by two Bauhaus
architects, Hannes Meyer and Ludwig Hilberseimer. This L-shaped
modification of the quadrangular court-house became popular in both
Germany and England by the 1950s and 1960s.
2.Randhwa, T.S. The Indian Courtyard House. 1999. Prakash Books Pvt. Limited.
HAVELI
Northern and north-western India
(Gujarat, Rajasthan or Punjab)
Gujarat
Rich interior and exterior wood
carvings and decorations.
Elongated but narrow in plan
Divided into three subparts
First there is the roofed but open verandah
in the front of the house facing the street.
Next there is a room, called baithak
Havelis in Rajasthan
extensive use of locally available
stone (sandstone, limestone, marble,
etc)
Enforced seclusion of women, solid
stonewalls, and at the same time the
need for admittance of sunlight,
combined to favor the adoption of
multiple alcoves (jharokha),
balconies,
porches, and oriel windows
noise
of the
street
blocked by high walls
projecting
from
theisfaade.
Day light
penetration
into the space
increases
creating an
illusion of
spaciousness.
Havelis is Punjab
WADA
A form of residential architecture by the
Marathas under the patronage of Peshwas,
NALUKETTU / tarawad
residence form of Kerala
means a single courtyard with four
sides.
compact structure
sloping tiled roofs on all sides,
protecting an interior and exterior
verandah
Characteristically
next to a bathing the
tankreligious
or kullam.
residents include deities near the
courtyard and in a
small temple, typically a serpent
shrine or sarpu kavu, at the rear end
strong
of
the house.
Vastushastram principles of
orientation, location and functions of
rooms.
decorated main entrance (see figure
2.8) on the east with a semi-private
raised verandah with built-in
platforms for visitors to sit on.
did not have a segregated womens area
CHETTINAD
Typical residence of Nattukottai
Chettiars, mainly a banking and
commerce based community
elongated and rectangular in shape
The transparency allows
uninterrupted views from front to the
back door.
The front door is accessed by steps
leading through a two tiered
verandah which is used for receiving
guests
Covered verandah surrounds the
main courtyard.
RAJBARI
wealthy Begali babus/
Zamindars who were influenced
by the Western architectural
styles and tastes of the British
built these mansions with a
Western touch of classy
furniture
and sculpture but retained the
traditional inward courtyard
pujamandap
thakurdalan
form and pujaorroom.
(room for worship) on one side
of the courtyard
LIABILITIES
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