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story).
History taking should not be simply translating the patients
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Treatment
accordingly
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GETTING READY
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Systems of Terminology
Gravidity: order of the current pregnancy (if pregnant now)
Gravidity: is total number of present and previous pregnancies
Parity: outcome of previous pregnancies
Parity: is the number of pregnancies resulting in a live birth (at whatever gestation)
together with all stillbirths plus the number of miscarriages, terminations and ectopic
pregnancies. A multiple pregnancy is counted as one.
Delivery: >28weeks
Term Delivery:>37weeks
Preterm: <38weeks
Miscarriage/Abortion: <28weeks
Notations
GDA written as GaPb+c
GTPAL written as GaPbcde
G=gravidity T=term deliveries P=preterm deliveries
A=abortions including ectopic pregnancies L=number of living children
Gravida., Para.
Para b+c (b=delivery c=miscarriage including ectopic preg)
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Para a,b,c,d (a=full term, b=preterm, c=miscarriages d=living children)
CASE EXAMPLES/Exercises
A woman who is not pregnant and has a term single live birth,
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Two methods:
Add 7days and 9months to the date of the 1st day of last menstrual
period
Add 7days, subtract 3months and add 1year to the date of the 1st day
of last menstrual period
Cycles longer than 28days, add the difference to the calculated
EDD
Cycles less than 28days subtract the difference from the
calculated EDD
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Gestational age
Gestational age in weeks is calculated using expectted date of delivery as references
Example if a client has her LMP of 12 th august 2014 then EDD will be
19th may 2015 and she is seen or clerk 15 th march 2011 then her
gestational age is( TWO METHODS)
1: Count number of days from clerking date to date of expected
delivery 21(March)+30(April)+19(May)=70/7=10W0D
Normal gestation 280days (40weeks0days) from LMP.
then GA=40W0D 10W0D=30W0D
2: Divide the days of each month by 7 then adding the results. note
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Presenting Complaint
Symptoms
Main complaints in order of occurrence; 1st symptom(s)
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Direct Questioning
Helps to ask symptoms associated and also
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Systemic Review
Direct questioning
Nervous: headache, dizziness, blurred vision, fever, convulsion,
CVS: orthopnae, palpitation, leg swelling paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnaoe, exertional dyspnaoe
Respiratory:
Digestive:
Urinary:
Reproductive:
bleeding PV relationship to menses (menorrhagia, dymenorrhoea, metrorrhagia, oligomenoorhea and polymenorrhea) and sex
(postcoital bleeding), dysmenorrhea, abnormal vaginal discharge, vulva ulcers, papules or pustules, sexual dysfunction (dyspareunia/apareunia, frigidity, premature
orgasm, nyphomania), rare sexual deversion (homo, bi or transexuality), infertility
Musculoskeletal:
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joint pain, joint stiffness, joint swelling, muscle and bone deformity , pain or atrophy
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Index Pregnancy
A chronological and concise account of the events in present pregnancy: is best obtained
by enquiring about her pregnancy in the first, second and third trimester.
If she was in postnatal period details of labour and delivery are relevant
Planned / unplanned but welcome pregnancy including any Assisted Reproduction
Technology in cases of infertility
Supported by partner/spouse
Day of ovulation, Fertilization, conception. {assisted conception), quickening
Illness and complications during this pregnancy
Antenatal care
When booking/registration
Number and frequency of visits
Type of care
History and type examination done
Investigation done and results
Haematology
urine
Screening for infections and genetic anomalies'
Imaging
Immunization
and medications (type and when received)
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Elicit likely exposure to hazard/teratogens including medications
Past Obstetrics
Date/years ago of
confinement in chronological
order including abortions and
ectopics
Antenatal illness, care and
complications
Maturity(preterm/term)
Onset of labour
(spontaneous/induced)
Place & Mode of delivery
outcome
Postnatal complications
Neonatal outcome
Mode of feeding
Type and duration of infant
feeding
Health status age of the child
presently.
Abortions and ectopic age of termination,
Babys sex
Babys birth weight
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Resuscitations,
PPH etc
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Gynaecological History
Age at menarche
LMP (was it conform to the usual in terms of
Sure
Reliable
Symptoms: premenstrual tension,
Satisfaction
Paps Smear:
problems(dyspareuna, premature
Last Smear
ejaculation, impotence)
when,
Hx of Infertility
Where
results
Awareness and compliance on follow up
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Medical history
Some medical conditions may have impact on the course of the
pregnancy or
the pregnancy may have an impact on the medical condition
examples HPT, DM, Sickle cell, heart dx, liver dx, renal dx, thyroid
dx etc
Previous and Present Significant Illness not related to symptoms
Medical: Mostly chronic illness e.g. diabetes, hypertension, asthma,
tuberculosis, sickle cell and other genetic diseases, renal dx, liver dx,
thyroid dx, psychiatric disorders, HIV etc
Previous Surgical & Anesthesia Experiences
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Drug Hx
Medications taking before onset of or not related this illness
Type, dose, duration and for what
Transfusions when and for what
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Allergies
To medications
To food
others
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Family Hx
Family Pedigree and health of members
Patients position in the family, type of family, number of members
in the family.
Similar conditions as to patients complaints.
Diseases afflicting family members (familial disease, genetic
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Social Hx
Marital status, duration of relationship, level of education
Summary of history
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EXAMINATION
INSPECTION (I)
PALPATION(P)
PERCUSSION(P)
AUSCULTATION(P)
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GENERAL EXAMINATION
Built: obese, average or thin
Striking feature (most obvious thing about the patient upon first
seeing her)
Nutritional status: adequate or poor
Mental status and conscious level
Levels of Pallor, cyanoses, jaundice, pedal or sacral oedema, and
palpable peripheral lymphadenopathy
Measurements (anthropometry)
Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), temperature
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CHEST
Breast: (IPPA) normal (nulliparous or parous breast
scars expansion
Lungs: (palpation, percussion and auscultation)
Heart: precordiun activity, position of apex beat,
ABDOMEN
Contour, Symmetry
Straie, scar, skin pigmentation, linear nigra, fetal movements,
prominent masses/veins
Tenderness, consistency, contractions, fetal movements
Liver, spleen, bladder, hernia orifices, bladder
Uterus
using leopald Maneuvers
1st identify the upper limit of fundus and fetal pole occupying the fundus
Fundal Height: determine with ulna border of left hand
Measurement symphysis-fundal height after 20weeks because uterus rises at a
rate of 1cm every week after twentieth week
using land marks
Superior border of symphysis Pubis 12wks
Distance between symphysis and umbilicus is divided into 3 equal parts. Lower 3 rd
is reach at 16wks, 2/3rd is reach at 20wks
Umbilicus24wks
Distance between umbilicus and xiphisternum is divided into 3 equal parts. Lower
3rd is reach at 28wks, 2/3rd is reach at 32wks
Xisphisternum is reach 36wks
Thereafter uterus descend and at 40ks fundus occupies the height at 32wks
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OBSTETRIC PALPATION
Fundal Grip: gently pressed of fundal area between the two hands in
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VAGINA
Vulva & Perineum
Discharges, ulcers, papules and pustules, bleeding and blood stain, hair
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Adnexals
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SUMMARY
Pertinent Information that helped you to arrive at a specific
sentence
3rd sentence: Examination finding in one sentence
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Diagnosis
Base on your findings from the patient through Interview and
Examination.
Most likely cause of the Complaints and Additional History with
Physical Findings
Atleast three Differentials with Similar Presentations
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We investigate to
INVESTIGATIONS
Includes
Haematology
Serology
Biochemistry
Microbiology
Cytology and Histopathology
Imaging
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TREATMENT
Non Medical (Advice)
Medical
Medicine
Surgery
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Follow up
When
Frequency
Reason
Deposition (to where the patient was discharge to)
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SAMPLE./TEMPLATE
28YO Madam Marie Gomez, G5P3+1,
LMP 22 July 2014, EDD 29 April 2015, GA 29wks
referred from Brikama health Centre on 10/feb/11
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PRESENTING COMPLAINING
Complains of
Dizziness 1day prior to presentation
Blurred vision12hrs prior
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It was throbbing and doesnt radiates, its aggravated by bending head forward and
prevented her from doing her daily chaos. Its relieved by taking paracetamol. It was
not associated with fever, joint pain, cough, dysuria, or diarrheoa
About 12 hours later she realises that her vision was getting blurred and she couldnt
see certain objected at far. She also felt dizzy and has had realises that her upper
abdomen begins to pain. The dizziness and blurred visions were not associated with
difficulty in breathing, easy fatigue, chest pain or fatigue on exercise.
She decided to go to Brikama Health Centre for consultation. There she was
interviewed and her blood pressure was taken. She was told it was very high and was
given some medicine to put under her tongue and was given two injections on her
thigh. She was then referred to Royal Victoria Teaching Hospital (RVTH)
She was again interviewed at RVTH, examined, her urine and blood samples were
taken and she was given some intravenous injections. She was told that she would be
admitted and adviced to have completely bed rest.
Ultrasound scan was done for her and she was inform that her baby is find but she
needs close monitoring because her condition is serious but manageable.
Since admission she had be receiving regular oral medications and IV injections but the
injections only lasted for only her admission day. Now her vision is normal, dizziness
and upper abdominal pain has subsided. She is only experiencing slight headache.
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On direct questioning
Feels Fetal movement +,Headache+
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SYSTEMIC REVIEW
Nervous system: slight headache, dizziness, blurred vision had
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OBSTETRICS HISTORY
She is P3+1:Has had three previous deliveries and one abortions
(confinements/pregnancies)
First was 8yrs ago was twin pregnancy, planned and naturally
conceived. booked for antenatal care at 3mth and developed HPT at
5mths gestation which was controlled with oral medications taking
daily and she had spontaneous vertex delivery at 9mnths in hospital. .
Resulted in twin delivery both male weighing 2.5kg and 2.6kg
respectively and all are males. She had normal puerperium and high BP
resolved after delivery without medication, babies were exclusively
breast fed for 4mth and completely wean at 2yrs. They are in primary
school and doing well.
Second was 5yrs ago and 3rd was 3yrs ago. Their pregnancy were
planned naturally conceived and uneventful, both deliveries were
spontaneous vertex at term in a hospital and are male and female
weighing 2.5kg and 2.8kg respectively. their puerperiums were normal
with exclusive breast feeding for 4mth and weaned completely at 2yrs.
They are in grade 1 and nursery school respectfully and doing well.
She had a spontaneous one yr ago.at 2/12 which was completed
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through
curretage and she had no post abortal
INDEX PREGNANCY
Pregnancy was planned, naturally conceived and welcomed by the couple.
Diagnosed with UPT after 1/12 amenorrhea. Had only one USS at 2/12
which gives her an EDD 22 nd may 2015 and was told she is carrying twins
and they are fine.
Had normal early pregnancy and was not taking any medication or had no
x-rays during early weeks of this pregnancy
Booked for antenatal care at 3mths gestation and has had four visits so
far on appointment.
At booking visit, a brief history was taken, she was examined and her
blood, urine and stool test were done and was told all her results were
normal.
Subsequent visits, she was examined and quizz about any problems she
might have had experienced or is experiencing now and given advices on
food, exercises including daily activities, taking only prescribed
medications and health living.
She had received one dose of tetanus toxoid vaccine. And two doses of
sulpadoxine and pyrimethamine
She felt
fetal
movement 2/12 ago and feels the movements
everyday. she
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GYNAE HISTORY
Menarche occurs at age of 12yrs
Has regular monthly cycle of 28days with 4days of menstrual
blood flow
Its not assoc with dysmenorrhea, heavy menses, intermenstrual
bleeding
Had Coitarche 18yrs. Had 2 life time partners. She is
heterosexual. No dyspareuna, postcoital bleeding or sexual
dysfunction. She never had abnormal vaginal discharge or sores
and has never been treated for sexual transmitted disease
Has knowledge of contraceptive but never used one before
Her last paps smear was 4yrs ago and it was normal
she does regular self breast examination and hasnt felt any
lumps or seen any abnormal breast discharge.
She has future fertility desire and plans to have her next
confinement after two years
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Drug History
She is on routine haematenics
Has had not been taken any medication
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Allergy
Has no know allergy to food, medicine or
other substances
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FAMILY HISTORY
Is 3rd of 6 children from the mother in a
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SOCIAL HISTORY
She has been married for 10yrs in a monogamous
SUMMARY
YO HW G5P3+1 with twin gestation at GA
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EXAMINATION
UPON EXAMINATION SHE IS
Young average size lady, looks ill with slightly puffy
Summary
YO HW G5P3+1 at GA 29wk, who was referred
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Diagnosis
Preclampsia with twin pregnancy
Differential Diagnosis
Chronic Hypertension with Super Imposed
Pre-eclampsia
HELLP
Renal dx (Nephrotic Syndrome)
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Investigations
Pelvic Ultrasound Scan: To confirm twin pregnancy
fetal number, gestational age, fetal viability, placental position and
red blood cell count RBC, mean corpuscle volume MCV, mean corpuscle
haemoglobin MCH, mean copsuscle haemoglobin concentration
Blood for malaria parasite
Liver enzymes: (Exclude HELLP)
Alanine transferase ALT, aspartate transaminase AST, lactate
dehydrogenase LDH.
Liver function test: exclude HELLP)
Total serum bilirubin, conjugated serum bilirubin and unconjugated
serum bilirubin,
Renal function test: (exclude renal Disease)
Urea, creatinine, urates ur
24 hours
protein (exclude renal disease)
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Management
Prevent convulsions
MAG NESIUM SULPHATE
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April 2011,
C/O unable to conceived for 3yrs
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Direct questioning
Abnormal hair growth0, bladeness0, hoarse
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SYSTEMIC REVIEW
Nervous system: no headache, no dizziness, no
GYNAE
Menarch occurred at 13yrs
She has regular menstrual cycle of 30days with 4days of
Obst hx
P0+1
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DRUG HISTORY
She is or was not taking any orthodox,
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FAMILY HISTORY
She 4th of 4 children with two brothers and one sister from a
monogamous marriage.
All family members are well
There is no history of infertility in family, no history of
tuberculosis, chromosomal abnormality, HPT DM SCDx
Asthma in the family.
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SOCIAL HISTORY
She has been married for 3yrs in a monogamous
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SUMMARY
I presents Madam29YO Madam Isatou
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Examination
Young lady, looks well, of average sized .
Not in any obvious distress, not pale, acyanosed,
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Examination of spouse
Young man looks well average build and not in any
obvious distress.
Not pale acyanosed, anicteric, no peripheral
odema, no palpable lymphadenopathy
No baldness, normal thyroid no anterior neck
swelling and normal chest with normal male breast
no lumps or discharges and normal male hair
distibution on chest and no tenderness or swelling,
Respiratory rate 18cycles/min regular normal tactil
and vocal fremitus and resonant percussion notes
with vesicular breath sounds
Pulse rate 80bpm RGV non collapsing BP
120/70mmHg, Precodium quiet, apex beat
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5ICSMCL, I & II are normal and no murmurs
SUMMARY
I presents Madam29YO Madam Isatou
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IMPRESSION:
Secondary Infertility (tubal block)
DIFFERENTIALS
Peritoneal Adhesions
Asherman Syndrome ( Endometrial Synechia)
Azoospermia/ Oligozoospermia
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INVESTIGATION
spouse
Pelvic ultrasonography
Hysterosalpingography
Hormone profile
Follicular stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Serum prolactine
Luteal phase progesterone
(21day)
Androgen
estrogen
Karyotype
Semen analysis
Hormone profile
Karyotype
Testicular biopsy
Vasography
Computer tomography/magnetic
resonance imaging
Cervical smear
Paps smear
Complete blood count
Fasting blood sugar
Urinalysis
microscopy, culture and
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sensitivity
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OBGYN INTERNSHIP
SURVIVAL
DR MUSA MARENA
OBGYN
Admission Orders
These vary a little from case to case, but the following are fairly general (format is ADC VAN DISMAL):
Admit: To the specific service or team
Diagnosis: List the diagnosis and the names of any associated surgeries or procedures
Condition: Such as Stable vs. Fair vs. Guarded
Vitals: Frequency
Activity: Ambulation, showering
Nursing:
Foley catheter management parameters
Prophylaxis for deep venous thrombosis
Incentive spirometry protocols
Call orders:
Vital sign parameters for notifying the team
Urine output parameters
Diet: Oral intake management
IV FLUID: Rates are typically set at 125 cc per hour
Special: Drain management
Oxygen management
Meds:
Pain medications
Prophylactic orders, such as for sleep or nausea
The patients' regular medications
Allergies:
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Labs: Typically includes hemoglobin/hematocrit
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PROGRESS NOTES
Uses the SOAP Mnemonics
SUBJECT S: patient comment or complains, nursing comments
OBJECTIVE O:
VITALS: blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, temps, weight,
O2 sat
INS/OUTS: IV fluids, PO intake, emesis, urine, stool, drains
EXAM: physical findings
MED: pertinent routine or new medications
INVEST: new lab or procedure results
ASSESSMENT: A: assessment based on above data
PLAN P: Medication change, Lab Tests, Procedures,
Consults(other disciplines), Discharge
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Identification: (includes age, gravidity, parity, estimated gestational age, and reason
for admission):
26yo G3P1A1 @ 38W5D EGA presents with painful contractions since noon. Pt reports
good fetal movement, and denies rupture of membranes or vaginal bleeding.
LMP:
Chief complaint:
History of present illness (includes Prenatal Care (PNC): Labs, including HIV, GBS,
GDM/HTN, # PNC visits, wt gain, s=d, etc.
Past history:
Obstetrics:
List each pregnancy (NSVD, wt 4000 grams, complicated by gestational diabetes
and shoulder dystocia)
Gynecology:
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OBGYN
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DELIVERY NOTE
On (delivery date, time), this (age, race) female under(epidural, pudendal, local,
no) anesthesia delivered a viable (male, female) infant weighing (weight) with
APGAR scores of (0-10) and (0-10) at 1 and 5minutes.
Delivery was via (SVD, LTCS, classical CS) to a sterile field. (Nuchal cord
reduced) infant was (bulb, DeLee) suctioned at (perineum, delivery). Cord
clamped and cut and infant handed to waiting (paediatrician, Nurse). (Cord blood
send for analysis). (weight) (intact, fragmented, meconium stained) placenta with
(2,3) vessel cord delivered (spontaneously, with manual extraction) at (time).
(amount) of (carboprost, methylrgonovine, oxytocin) given. (uterus, cervix,
vagina, rectum) explored and (midline episiotomy, nth degree laceration, uterus
and abdominal incision) repaired in a normal fashion with (type) suture. EBL
(amount). Patient send to RR in stable condition. Infant taken to NBN in stable
condition. Dr (name) attending
Note: SVD=spontaneous vaginal delivery, LTCS= low transverse C-section, CS=
C-section, EBL= estimated blood loss, RR=recovery room, NBN=newborn
nursery
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Tenderness?
Birth Control plans Consider breastfeeding status
Bleeding (lochia) Clots? How many pads?
Baby Healthy? Do you plan circumcision for baby boy?
Bottom Having any complaints related to urination/defecation? Flatus?
Baby blues (depression) Ask about signs or symptoms of depression.
Pain cramps/perineal pain/leg pain? Does medication control it? ambulation
Objective:
Vital signs and note tachycardia, elevated or low BP, temperature
Focused physical exam including
Heart
Lungs
Abd: Soft? Location of the uterine fundus below umbilicus? Firm? Tender?
Extremities: Edema? Cords? Tender?
Breasts/Perineum: evaluate with help of resident if specific complaints
regarding breasts/perineum
Postpartum labs: Hemoglobin, Blood type, Rubella status
Assessment/Plan: PPD#_ S/P NSVD or Vacuum or Forceps (with 4th-
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POSTPARTUM NOTE
Objective:
VITALS: blood pressure, pulse, respirations, temperature
INS/OUTS: IV fluids, PO intake, emesis, urine, stool, drains
EXAM: breath sounds, bowel sounds, fundal height/consistency, incision/episiotomy condition, lower extremity
oedema, Homans sign.
MEDS: RhoGAM, pain med, iron, vitamins, laxative, contraceptive
LAB: CBC, RH status
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Objective:
Vital signs and note tachycardia, elevated or low BP, maximum and current temperature
Assessment/Plan: PPD#_ S/P NSVD or Vacuum or Forceps (with 4th-degree laceration, with pre-eclampsia
s/p Magnesium Sulfate)
General assessment Afebrile, doing well, tolerating diet
Contraception plans (must discuss before patient goes home)
Vaccines does pt need rubella vaccine prior to discharge?
Breastfeeding? Problems? Encourage.
Rhogam, if Rh-negative
Discharge and follow-up plan
Patients usually go home if uncomplicated 24-48 hours postpartum
Follow-up appointment scheduled in 2-6 weeks postpartum
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OPERATION
NOTE
DATE AND TIME:
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current temperature
Input and output
Focused physical exam including
Heart
Lungs
Breasts: engorged? Nipples Is skin intact?
Incision: Clean and dry? sutures intact? odema? haematoma?
Abd: Soft? Location of the uterine fundus below umbilicus? Firm?
Tender?
Perineum: Assess lochia (blood on pad, how old is pad? Frequency of
changing?)
Visually inspect perineum Hematoma? Edema? Sutures intact?
Extremities:
Edema? Cords? Tender?
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Postpartum labs: Hemoglobin or hematocrit
Assessment/Plan:
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POD#1 status post (S/P) C/S or repeat C/S (indication for the C/S)
Afebrile, tolerating pain with medication, oral intake, adequate urine output (>30cc/hr)
Routine post-op care
Discharge Foley
Discharge PCA or IV pain medications and PO pain Meds when tolerating PO
Out of bed (OOB)
Advance diet as tolerated
Discharge IV when tolerating PO
Check hematocrit or CBC
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Condition: Stable
Allergies: None
Nursing: Strict input and output (I&O), Foley to catheter drainage, call M.D. for Temp > 38.0, pulse >
110, BP < 90/60 or > 140/90, encourage breastfeeding, pad count, dressing checks, and Ted hose until
ambulating
Diet: Regular as tolerated; some hospitals only allow ice chips or clear liquids
IV: Lactated ringers (LR) or D5LR at 125 cc/hr, with 20 units of Pitocin x 1-2 Liters
Labs: CBC in AM
Medications:
Morphine sulfate PCA (patient controlled analgesia) per protocol (1 mg per dose with 10 minute
lockout, not to exceed 20 mg/4 hours)- only if no Duramorph in Spinal anesthetic
Percocet 1-2 tabs PO q 4-6 hours prn pain, when tolerating PO well
Rhogam, if Rh-negative
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Nausea/vomiting
OBJECTIVE:
Abd: Soft? Location of the uterine fundus below umbilicus? Firm? Tender?
Discontinue Foley
Discontinue PCA or IV pain medications and convert to PO pain Meds when tolerating PO
Ambulate TID
OBGYN
YourUTG
name
and date/time
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Surgeon (Attending):
Residents:
Complications: None
EBL: 300 cc
Findings: Exam under anesthesia (EUA) and operative findings OR Viable M/F infant in
cephalic/breech presentation weighing ___grams, Apgars of ___. Cord gases ____. Infant to
newborn nursery/NICU.
Specimen: Cervix/uterus
Drains: If placed
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