Ebola virus disease

GROUP 4

DEFINITION
Ebola virus disease (EVD) also Ebola
hemorrhagic fever, or EHF, or simply
Ebola is a disease of humans and
other primates caused by Ebola
viruses. Signs and symptoms
typically start between two days and
three weeks after contacting the
virus.
At this time some people begin to
bleed both internally and externally.

ETIOLOGY

The cause of Ebola

hemorrhagic fever
is Ebola virus
infection

COMPLICATION

organ failures,
severe bleeding,
jaundice,
delirium,
shock,
seizures,
coma,
and death (about 50% to 100% of
infected patients).

COMPLICATION
Those patients fortunate enough to
survive Ebola still may have
complications that may taje many
months to resolve. Survivors may
experience weakness, fatigue,
headache, hair loss, hepatitis,
sensory changes, and inflammation
of organs

Diagnostic finding
Leukopenia (elevated white blood
cells count)
Thrombocytopenia (platelet count)
Transaminase (enzyme of liver)
elevations
Coagulation abnormalities
Electrolyte abnormalities

Physical Examination
Appearance of the Patient
nauseated and vomiting, and less
commonly present with signs of
hemorrhage, such as epitasis or
gingival bleeding. In later stages of
the disease, patients are often
brought with convulsions or in a state
of shock, stupor, or coma.

 Vitals
Temperature
High-grade fever is often presents in more than 80% of
patients. Fever is the most common presenting sign of
Ebola virus infection.
Pulse
Tachycardia
Relative bradycardia
Blood pressure
Hypotension (SBP < 90 mmHg and/or DBP <60 mmHg)
Postural hypotension is common in dehydrated patients
with inadequate volume repletion
Respiratory Rate
Intercostals retractions
Paradoxical breathing
Nasal flare
Tachypnea often precedes death during final hours of
infection

Skin
Hemorrhagic manifestations include:
Maculopapular rash on the trunk
Petechiae is common finding
Ecchymosed is a common finding
Mucosal hemorrhages is a common
finding
Uncontrolled bleeding from
venipuncture locals is a common finding
Eyes
Conjunctival hemorrhage is the most
common sign of abnormal clotting
Conjunctivitis

Nose
Epitasis may be present
Nasal discharge may be prsent
Throat
Mucosal hyperemia of the oral cavity is
a common finding
Bleeding gums is a common finding
Abdomen
Abdominal tenderness
Abdominal distention may suggest
paralytic ileus
Tender hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly

Extremities
Edema may be present
Neurologic
Stupor
Coma

Nursing care plan

Assessment
Identity such as name, age, gender,
job, religion, address, nationality
Health history include past, recent
and family helath history
Medication history
Functional pattern such as activity
daily
Physical examination

Nursing diagnoses

Some potential nursing diagnoses include:

Risk for infection
Ineffective airway clearance
Risk for bleeding
Risk for peripheral neurovascular
dysfunction
Risk for shock
Risk/actual impaired skin integrity
Pain
Impaired nutritions

Intervention
Watch for any changes in the patients
respiration rate and pattern
Closely monitor the patients fluid and
electrolyte imbalance
Monitor intake and output
Protect all areas of petechiae and
ecchymoses for further injury
Explain the importance of reporting any
signs of bleeding
Teach the patients family about ebola virus
infection

Intervention
Monitor the patients family or other close
contacts for fever and other signs of
infections
Check the results of complete blood count
and coagulation studies for sign of blood
loss and coagulopathy
Test stools, urine and vomit for occult
blood, watch for frank bleeding
Explain the purpose of any diagnostic tests
and procedures that the patient may
undergo

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