FINITE ELEMENT

METHODELEMENTS OF
ELASTICITY
BY
ANJALI A(1211108)
JEYAGOMATHI(1211136)

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (FEM)

FEM is a numerical procedure for
solving physical problems governed by
differential equation or energy
equation.
In simple terms, FEM is a method for
dividing up a very complicated problem
into small elements that can be solved
in relation to each other.
It provides approximate solution.

The domain of physical problems is

discretized into the finite elements.
The elements are connected at points
called nodes.
The assemblage of elements is called
finite element mesh.

APPLICATIONS
Mechanical/Aerospace/Civil/Automotive Engineering

EQUATION OF EQUILIBRIUM

x, y, z normal stresses in x,y,z direction

xy, yz, zx-shear stress
Fx,Fy,Fz-body forces acting in x,y,z direction
xy= xy; xz= zx, yz= zy complementary plane

STRAIN DISPLACEMENT RELATION

When the deformation are small

products & square of first derivative
are negligible compared with
derivatives themselves

u,v,w-displacement component of a point

in x,y,z direction
x,y, z-normal strain in x,y,z direction
x,y,z-shear strain

The above equation can be written in a matrix form

as given below

x
y
u
z
v
xy
w
yz
zx

/x
0
=

0
/y

0
0

/z

/y

/x

0
/z

/z
0

/y
/x

STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONS

-Poisson ratio
E-Youngs modulus
x,y, z-normal strain in x,y,z direction
x,y,z-shear strain

The above equation can be written in

matrix form
x
1
x
x
xy
yz
zx

- 1
= 1/E

(sym)

- -

0 0

2(1+)

0 0

2(1+)

0 0

2(1+)

x
y
z
xy
yz
zx

For a linear elastic material, the stress-strain relation comes

from generalized Hookes law.
For isotropic material, two material properties are youngs
modulus(E) & poisson ratio()

The inverse relation of stresses in terms of

strain components can be expressed as
x
y
z
xy
z
zx

1-
1-
=

0
0
0
0
0
0

(sym)
1-
0 (1-2)/2
0
0
(1-2)/2
0
0
0
(1-2)/2

Where,

{} = [C]{}

[C] -constitutive matrix

z
x
z
zx

PLANE STRESS

PLANE STRESS

PLANE STRAIN

PLANE STRAIN

POTENTIAL ENERGY IN ELASTIC

BODIES

PRINCIPLE OF MINIMUM POTENTIAL

ENERGY
If a deformable body are structural system is in
equilibrium where total potential energy of the system as
a stationary value.
=0
Total P.E=U+H
=U+H
Principle energy of external force H is equal but opposite
to total virtual Work done by external force.
H= - He
= u- H
By Principle of virtual work,
u=H
=0

RAYLEIGH RITZ METHOD

A beam AB of span l simply supported at ends & carries a concentrated

load W at the centre. Determine the deflection at the midspan by using
Rayleigh Ritz method.

For a simply supported beam, the fourier series

=> approximate function

Where a1, a2 are ritz parameters

=U-H
=potential energy ; H=work done by external force
Strain energy (U) of the beam due to bending

Substitute dy/dx in U

Work done by external force,

H=Wymax
@ x=l/2 , ymax=a1-a2 [substitute x in y equation]
H=W(a1-a2)

By principle of minimum potential energy

=0
( /a1 )=0 ; (/ a2)=0

ymax = a1-a2
Deflection