WCDMA Fundamental (RAN) ISSUE 1.0

Internal
WN000001 WCDMA
Fundamental RAN
ISSUE 1.0
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
www.huawei.com
All rights reserved
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Know the development of WCDMA system
Know the fundamental of CDMA technology
Know the architecture of WCDMA system and
the air interface
Know the types and functions of wireless
channels in WCDMA system
Know the main signaling procedure in
WCDMA system
Know the WCDMA system coding method
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Page 2
Chapter 1 3G Summary
Chapter 2 CDMA Fundamental
Chapter 3 WCDMA System Architecture
Chapter 4 WCDMA Air Interface
Chapter 5 WCDMA Signaling Procedure
Chapter 6 WCDMA System Coding Method
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Page 3
Different Service, Different Technology

2G 1990s
Digital
1G 1980s
Analog
AMPS
TACS
3G
IMT-2000
GSM
Technologies
drive
NMT
Others
CDMA
IS-95
UMTS
WCDMA
Demands
drive
TDMA
IS-136
CDMA
2000
TDSCDMA
PDC
3G provides compositive services for both operators and subscribers

All rights reserved
Page 4
3G Evolution
Proposal of 3G
IMT-2000 is the general name of third generation mobile

communication system
The third generation mobile communication was first
proposed in 1985 and was renamed as IMT-2000 in the
year of 1996
Commercialization: around the year of 2000
Work band : around 2000MHz
The highest service rate :up to 2000Kbps
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Page 5
3G Spectrum Allocation
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2010 MHz
ITU
IMT 2000
IMT 2000
MSS
FDD TDD
WLL WLL
1885
1890
1895
EF
1945
2170 MHz
IMT A2000
1910
1870
1865
C PHS
D B
FDD
WLL
1918
1895
1885
1865
Japan
USA
CDMA
1980
CDMA
1960
GSM
1800
2025MHz
cellular(2)
1965
1970
1975
cellular(2)
MSS
1850
1900
1950
EF
IMT A2000
MSS
2000
MSS
2165 MHz
1990 MHz
PCS
A
MSS
1980 MHz
1920
cellular(1)
UMTS
MSS
1880 MHz
1945
1805 MHz
China
UMTS
GSM 1800 DECT
1930
Europe
2170 MHz
2110 MHz
2025 MHz
1885 MHz
MSS
Broadcast auxiliary
2050
All rights reserved
2100
Reserve
215
0
Page 6
MSS
2200
2250
Bands
Main bands
1920 1980MHz 2110 2170MHz

WCDMA frequency formula
frequency channel number central frequency5
UL frequency channel number 9612 9888
DL frequency channel number : 10562 10838
Supplementary bands
1755 1785MHz 1850 1880MHz
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Page 7
3G Driving Force
Increased capacity requirements some systems such as D-
AMPS GSM PDC PHS are approaching saturation

Developing rate of mobile communication: one decade one
generation
Demands of high speed data service and multimedia service in
radio network
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Page 8
3G Application Service Conversational

Voice service and video
telephone
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Page 9
3G Application Streaming
VOD
Mobile TV
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Traffic monitoring
Page 10
3G Application Interactive
Online game
Web browsing
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LCS
Page 11
3G Application Background
Data
download
Picture and tone

download
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Email
transceiving
Page 12
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Page 13
Multi-path Environment
Transmitted
signal
Received
signal
Time
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Page 14
Fading
Received Power(dBm)
Fast fading
-20
Slow fading
-40
-60
10
20
30
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Distance(m)
Page 15
Frequency Selection of Fading

P(f)
P(f)
Fading
Narrowband
System
Transmit Signal
Received Signal
P(f)
P(f)
Fading
Broadband
System
Transmit Signal
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Received Signal
Page 16
Multiple Access Technology and Duplex Technology
Multiple access technology
Time division multiple access (TDMA)

Frequency division multiple access (FDMA)
Code division multiple access (CDMA)
Duplex technology
Time division duplex (TDD)

Frequency division duplex (FDD)
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Page 17
What is CDMA?
FDMA
TDMA
power
tim
power
y
nc
e
qu
fre
tim
e
CDMA
fre
power
time
ncy
freque
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Page 18
en
qu
cy
Correlation
Correlation is a measure of similarity of between any two arbitrary signals.
EXAMPLE:
+1
0
-1
+1
0
-1
-1 1 -1 1
-1 1 -1 1
1 1 1 1
1 correlation
Identical signals
+1
0
-1
-1 1 -1 1
11 11
-1 1 -1 1
Zero correlation
Orthogonal signals
+1
0
-1
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Page 19
Spreading
Users UE1 UE2 UE3
UE1 spreading UE1c1
UE2 spreading UE2c2
UE3 spreading UE3c3
c1 c2 c3 are orthogonal with each other

Transmitting signal
UE1c1 UE2c2 UE3c3
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Page 20
Despreading
UE1 uses c1 to despread
(UE1c1 UE2c2 UE3c3)c1

UE1(c1c1) UE2(c2c1) UE3(c3c1)
UE11 UE20 UE30
UE1
UE2 uses c2 to despread, UE3 uses c3 to despread
in this way, they can get their own signal
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Page 21
Features of CDMA
Advantages
High spectrum efficiency

Security
spreaded signal is close to noise
with ability of anti-interference
Soft capacity
Disadvantages
More band occupancy

Self-interference system
Hard to carry out
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Page 22
All rights reserved
Page 23

3.1 WCDMA Release Evolution
3.2 WCDMA RAN Interface Protocol
3.3 ATM Fundamental
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Page 24
WCDMA Release Evolution
Include all the services and functions of R99
Include all the services and functions of
CS domain changes: control is separated from
bearer, the function of MSC can be fulfilled by

MSC SERVER and MGW
Packet voice supported by CS domain,
supporting ATM, IP, TDM
R4
IMS domain is adopted
Enhanced IP QoS ability, supporting
end to end IP multimedia service

Include all the services
and functions of 2G
( GSM and GPRS )
R5
CN is made up of CS
domain and PS domain

Iu interface between RAN
R4
and CN is based on ATM
R99
2000
2001
All rights reserved
2002
Page 25
Specification
finished time
WCDMA R99 Network Architecture

GSM /GPRS BSS
MSC/VLR
PSTN
ISDN
GMSC
BSC
HLR/AUC
BTS
PCU
SCE
SS7
RNC
SMS
NodeB
GPRS backbone/
UTRAN
SGSN
CG
SCP
Internet,
Intranet
GGSN
BG
Other PLMN
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Page 26

IP/ATM Backbone
MGW
GSM /GPRS BSS
MGW
VMSC Server
PSTN
ISDN
GMSC Server
BSC
HLR/AUC
BTS
PCU
SCE
SS7
RNC
SMS
NodeB
SCP
Internet,
Intranet
GPRS backbone
UTRAN
SGSN
CG
GGSN
BG
Other PLMN
All rights reserved
Page 27

CS domain
IP/ATM Backbone
MGW
GSM /GPRS BSS
PSTN/PLMN
MGW
VMSC Server GMSC Server
BSC
HLR/AUC/HSS
BTS
Iu-CS
PCU
SCE
SS7
RNC
NodeB
SMS
SCP
Iu-PS
SGSN
UTRAN
PS
domain
Internet,
Intranet
GPRS
backbone
GGSN
MGW
CG
MGCF
BG
IP backbone
P-CSCF
MRFC
MRFP
IMS domain
All rights reserved
Page 28
S-CSCF

3.3 ATM Fundamental
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Page 29
WCDMA RAN Architecture

Core Network
Iu
Iu
RNS
RNS
Iur
RNC
RNC
Iub
Iub
Iub
Iub
Node B
Node B
Node B
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Node B
Page 30
Uu Air Interface Protocol

GC
Nt DC
Duplication avoidance
GC
Nt
DC
UuS boundary
C-plane signaling
control
L3
control
control
control
RRC
control
U-plane information
Radio
Bearers
PDCPPDCP
RLC
RLC
RLC RLC
L2/PDCP
BMC
L2/BMC
RLC
L2/RLC
RLC
RLC RLC
Logical
Channels
MAC
L2/MAC
PHY
Transport
Channels
L1
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Page 31
Iu-CS Interface Protocol

Radio
network
layer
Transport
network
layer
User plane
Control plane
Iu UP
RANAP
Transport network
user plane
Transport network
control plane
ALCAP
Transport network
user plane
A
SCCP
MTP3-B
SAAL NNI
B
B
MTP3-B
SAAL NNI
C
AAL2 PATH
ATM
Physical layer
All rights reserved
Page 32
Iu-PS Interface Protocol

Radio
network
layer
Control plane
User plane
RANAP
Iu UP
Transport
network
layer
Transport network
user plane
A
SCCP
Transport network
control plane
Transport network
user plane
GTP-U
MTP3-B
UDP
IP
SAAL NNI
AAL Type 5
ATM
ATM
Physical layer
Physical layer
All rights reserved
Page 33
Iur Interface Protocol

Radio
network
layer
Control plane
Transport
network
layer
Transport network
user plane
User plane
Iur data stream
RNSAP
Transport network
control plane
Transport network
user plane
ALCAP
A
SCCP
MTP3-B
SAAL UNI
B
B
MTP3-B
SAAL UNI
C
AAL2 PATH
ATM
Physical layer
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Page 34
Iub Interface Protocol
CCP
PCH FP
FACH FP
RACH FP
NBAP
NCP
Transport
network
layer
User plane
Control plane
DCH FP
Radio
network
layer
CCP
Transport network
user plane
Transport network
control plane
Transport network
user plane
ALCAP
A
SAAL UNI
B
SAAL UNI
AAL2 PATH
ATM
Physical layer
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Page 35

3.3 ATM Fundamental
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Page 36
Traditional Switching
Circuit Switching
Connection-oriented with low time delay, suitable for voice

service
Adopt fixed timeslot allocation, only support single rate
Bandwidth is greatly wasted when used for data transfer
Packet Switching
Support multi-rate switching

Unstable time delay, not suitable for real-time service
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Page 37
ATM Definition
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
A kind of fast packet switching technology, combining with

the advantages of circuit switching and packet switching
Suitable for all kinds of services voice, data, image,
etc.
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Page 38
ATM Network Model

UNI
NNI
NNI
UNI
NNI
NNI
PNNI
PNNI
Other
network
services
ICI
UNI
NNI
NNI
NNI Network to Network Interface

UNI User to Network Interface
ICI Inter-Carrier Interface
PNNI: Private Network-Node Interface
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NNI
Page 39
ATM Protocol Model

User information transfer,
float control and error
recovery
Call connect and

control
Facet management
Layer management
Control plane
User plane
User data and
signaling
exchange between highlayer information and ATM
cell
High
layer
High
layer
ATM
adaptation
layer (SAAL)
Cell exchange and

multiplex/demultiplex
Frame structure,
physical media
Manage resources
and parameters of
each protocol entity
in every layer
ATM
adaptation
layer (AAL)
ATM layer
Dispose adjustment
of each layer, no
sub-layer structure
Physical layer
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Page 40
Functions of each layer

Adaptation layer
Adaptation
layer
Implement required services of high layer

Intertransfer between high layer protocol
data and ATM cell
ATM layer
ATM layer
Cell transfer
Guarantee Qos
Physical layer
Physical layer
Cell delimiting, transmission frame

generation /recovery /adaptation
Line coding, bit timing
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Page 41
ATM Cell Format

8
1
2
3
4
5
6
53
7 6
GFC
VPI
2
VPI
VCI
PTI
CLP
HEC
PAYLOAD
1
2
3
4
5
6
53
5 4
VPI
VCI
PTI
CLP
HEC
PAYLOAD
UNI cell format
NNI cell
format
GFC General Flow Control

VCI Virtual Channel Identifier
CLP Cell Loss Priority
VPI Virtual Path Identifier

PTI Payload Type Indicator
HEC Header Error Control
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Page 42
ATM Cell Switch Procedure

User B
ATM terminal equipment

Intertransfer
UNI
between ATM
VPI=2
cell and user
VCI=37
data
ATM network equipment
Port 1
Port 2
NNI
VPI=1 VCI=51
Port 1
User A
ATM terminal equipment

Intertransfer
UNI
between ATM
VPI=3
cell and user
VCI=39
data
Port 2
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ATM switch
Port
1
2
VPI
2
1
VCI
37
51
ATM network equipment

ATM switch
Port
1
2
Page 43
VPI
1
3
VCI
51
39
ATM Switching Classification

ATM switching can be taken as a kind of packet switching
ATM switching includes VP switching and VC switching
VPI and VCI are concepts which exist only between two
physical nodes
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Page 44
VC Switching and VP Switching
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Page 45
AAL Adaptation Classification

Service
type A
type B
type C
type D
Bit rate
fixed
variable
variable
variable
Connection
Connectionoriented
Connectionoriented
Connectionoriented
Connectionless
AAL1
AAL2
AAL3/4
AAL5
Adaptation
Different AALs are used to bear different kinds of services

In WCDMA system, AAL2 bearer and AAL5 bearer are mainly adopted
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Page 46
AAL Adaptation Procedure
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Page 47
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Page 48

4.1 Key Technologies
4.2 Radio Channels
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Page 49
WCDMA Communication Model
Source
coding
Channel
coding &
Interleaving
interleaving
spreading
Scrambling Modulation Transmitting
Radio channel
Source
decoding
Deinterleaving
deinterleaving Despreading Descrambling Demodulation Receiving
&channel
decoding
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Page 50
Terms
Bit, Symbol, Chip
Bit : data after source coding

Symbol: data after channel coding and interleaving
Chip: data after spreading
WCDMA chip rate: 3.84Mcps
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Page 51
WCDMA Source Coding

AMR (Adaptive Multi-Rate) voice coding
Multi-rate:
8 coding rates
benefit multi-mode terminal design
Adaptation: when cell load increases, the system will
decrease speech rate of part of subscribers automatically
so as to support more subscribers
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Page 52
WCDMA Channel Coding

Purpose:
enhance the correlation among symbols so as to recover

the signal when interfered
types
Speech service: convolution code 1/2, 1/3

Data service: Turbo code
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Page 53
Spreading code: OVSF Walsh

OVSF: Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor, generated by
Walsh matrix
Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)
Cch,2,0 = (1,1)
Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)
Cch,1,0 = (1)
Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)
Cch,2,1 = (1,-1)
Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)
SF = 1
SF = 2
SF = 4
All rights reserved
Page 54
Purpose of OVSF
For uplink, OVSF is used to separate different services of one
connection
For downlink, OVSF is used to separate different connections
Typical service
Data rate
Downlink SF
Uplink SF
AMR
12.2+3.4
128
64
Modem28.8k
28.8+3.4
64
32
12.2kAMR & 64k packet data
12.2+64+3.4
32
16
12.2+144+3.4
16
12.2+384+3.4
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Page 55
Scrambling code: GOLD sequence

For uplink, scrambling code is used to separate different connection
Uplink: 224 long scrambles and 224 short scrambles

For downlink, scrambling code is used to separate different cell
Downlink: 262143 (2 18 1) scrambles, but only 8192

scrambles( from 0 to 8191) are adopted at present
The length of scrambling code is 38400 chips
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Page 56
PSC and SSC
PSC 0
SSC 1
Set 0
DL
scramble
Set 1
Set 511
8192 scrambles
SSC 15
512 sets
PSC
51116
SSC
51116 1
1 PSC and 15 SSCs

in each set
SSC
51116 15
Only primary scrambles are adopted at present

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Page 57
WCDMA Modulation
Functions of modulation
Different modulation methods corresponding to different

transmitting abilities in air interface
R99/R4: adopt QPSK DL max data rate is 2.7Mbps
HSDPA: adopt 16QAM DL max data rate is 14.4Mbps
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Page 58
WCDMA Transmit and Receive Technology

Diversity technology overcome signal fading
Space diversity: the horizontal distance of two diversity

antennas is greater than 10 wavelength
Polarization diversity: the polarization direction of two
receiving antennas is orthogonal
Transmitting diversity: provide diversities for terminals
Receiving diversity: RAKE receiver
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Page 59
Spectrum Analysis of Spreading & Despreading

P(f)
Spreading code
P(f)
f
Narrowband signal
P(f)
Broadband signal
Noise
Recovered signal
Signal
Combination
P(f)
Noise+Broadband signal
P(f)
f
Spreading code
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Page 60
RAKE Receiver
1st path
2nd path
Signal composer
Front receiver
3rd path
Compute timedelay and phase
deflexion
delay evaluator
s(t)
s(t)
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Page 61
Composed signal
Near-far effect in CDMA
Received
power from
user A
Received
power from
user B
P()
Received power
by NodeB
Despreading
P()
P()
Transmission
power of user
B
P()
Transmission
power of user A
P()
The user A can communicate

successfully
All rights reserved
The user B is submerged

because of strong interference
from user A
Page 62
WCDMA Fast Power Control

Without power control
With power control
The rate of power control can be up to1500 times per second, which is
faster than that of fading, thus, it can overcome shadow fading and fast
fading effectively
Decrease interference of system, and increase system capacity and
quality
Save power, and expand conversational time
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Page 63
Classification of Handover
Hard handover
Intra-frequency
hard handover
Inter-frequency
hard handover
Soft handover
Inter-system
Soft handover
Softer handover
handover
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Page 64
WCDMA Handover Soft handover

Data UE
received/
sent
Source BS
N o GAP of communication
Target BS
UE move
time
Features
Peculiar in CDMA system, only happens among cells with the same frequency
Establish a radio link with target cell first, and then disconnect that with source
cell, thus, it can avoid communication gap
Soft handover occupies more system resource than hard handover
If two cells which are performing soft handover belong to the same NodeB, maximum
ratio combining can be performed in uplink, it is called softer handover

All rights reserved
Page 65
Softer Handover
When the two cells in soft handover belong to the
same NodeB, the handover is softer handover.

Softer handover has higher priority in handover
schemes because it has larger gain than soft

handover.
All rights reserved
Page 66
WCDMA Handover Hard Handover

Data UE
received/
sent
Source BS
GAP of communication
Target BS
UE move
time
Features
Disconnect the link of source cell first, and then establish a

new link with target cell
GAP of communication
Non-CDMA system can only perform hard handover
All rights reserved
Page 67
Application of Hard Handover in 3G

Intra-frequency hard handover
When inter-RNC SHO cant be executed or is not

allowed.
Inter-frequency hard handover
Needed in certain areas due to network planning

Load balance between frequencies
Inter-system handover
2G-3G smooth evolution

The finite coverage range of initial phase of 3G
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Page 68

4.1 Key Technologies
4.2 Radio Channels
All rights reserved
Page 69
Channel Classification
According to protocol structure, WCDMA channels can be classified as:
Logical channel: directly bear user data

Control channel
Traffic channel
Transport channel: services Physical layer provides for MAC layer
Dedicated channel
Common channel
Physical channel: the final embodiment of all kinds of information
transferred in air interface
All rights reserved
Page 70
Classification of Logical Channel

Broadcast Control Channel
BCCH
Paging Control Channel
PCCH
Control
Channel CCH
Dedicated Control Channel

DCCH
Common Control Channel
CCCH
Dedicated Traffic Channel
DTCH
Traffic
Channel TCH
Common Traffic Channel

CTCH
All rights reserved
Page 71
Classification of Transport Channel

Dedicated Channel
DCH
DCH includes uplink and downlink
Broadcast Channel
BCH
Forward Access Channel
FACH
Paging Channel
PCH
Random Access Channel
RACH
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Dedicated transport
channel
Common transport
channel
Page 72
Classification of Physical Channel

Physical channel includes uplink and downlink
Physical channel are defined by a specific carrier frequency ,
code( channellization code or scrambling code), phase, etc
Radio frame & slot
Data
Data
Tslot = 2560 chips
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #14
Slot #i
T = 10 ms, 38400chips
All rights reserved
Page 73
Functions of Physical Channel

Cell broadcast channels
P-CPICH Primary Common Pilot Channel
S-CPICH Secondary Common Pilot Channel
P-CCPCH- Primary Common Control Physical Channel
SCH Synchronous Channel
Paging channel
S-CCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel
PICH Paging Indicator Channel
Random access channel
Node B
UE
PRACH Physical Random Access Channel

AICH Acquisition Indicator Channel
Dedicated channel
DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel
High speed downlink shared channel
HS-SCCH High Speed Shared Control Channel
HS-PDSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel
HS-DPCCH High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel
All rights reserved
Page 74
Functions of Common Physical Channel

SCH: used for cell search
Consists of P-SCH and S-SCH

CPICH: used for scrambling code identification
Consists of P-CPICH and S-CPICH

P-CPICH:
channellization code is Cch,256,0(fixed)
power-benchmark of other downlink physical channels
S-CPICH: mainly used in smart antenna
P-CCPCH: used to bear system information
Channellization code is Cch,256,1(fixed)

The channels above must be configured and each of them can
only be configured one in every cell
All rights reserved
Page 75
Functions of Common Physical Channel

S-CCPCH: used to carry the FACH and PCH
PICH:
used to carry the paging indicators ,

always associated with a S-CCPCH
PRACH: used to carry the RACH
15 access slots per two frames and they are spaced 5120 chips
apart
AICH: used to carry the acquisition indicators
always associated with a PRACH

The channels above must be configured in each cell
All rights reserved
Page 76
Functions of Dedicated Physical Channel

Uplink
DPDCH: used to carry the DCH transport channel

DPCCH: used to carry control information generated at Layer 1
I/Q code multiplexed within each radio frame
Downlink
within one downlink DPCH, dedicated data generated at Layer 2

and above
can be seen as a time multiplex of a downlink DPDCH and a
downlink DPCCH
Multicode transmission may be employed in the downlink
for example, the CCTrCH is mapped onto several parallel

downlink DPCHs using the same spreading factor
All rights reserved
Page 77
Functions of HSDPA Physical Channel

HS-PDSCH: bear traffic data, the maximum data rate of one
channel is 960Kbps
HS-SCCH: bear signaling of HS-PDSCH
HS-DPCCH: signaling transfer and power control
HSDPA maximum data rate: 960Kbps15 14.4Mbps
All rights reserved
Page 78
All rights reserved
Page 79
Terms: RAB RB RL
RAB Radio Access Bearer
RB Radio Bearer
RL Radio Link
RAB
RB
UE
RL
RNC
CN
NodeB
UTRAN
All rights reserved
Page 80
Calling Procedure
Network starts
1.Initiate equipment
2.System broadcasting
Step 1
UE is turned on
1.Cell selection
2.Location registration
3.Waiting for calling
Step 2
UE is called
Step 3
Establish RRC connection
Step 6
Soft handover/
hard handover
Step 6
RAB/RB reconfig
Step 6
Physical channel
reconfiguration
Step 6
Transport channel
reconfiguration
Step 5
RAB is established
Step 4
Establish Iu interface
signaling connection
Step 6
URA update
Step 6
Cell update
Step 7
Release RRC connection
Step 8
Waiting again
1.Cell selection
2.Waiting for calling
Step 6
Switch with GSM
All rights reserved
Page 81
Cell Setup Procedure

RNC
NodeB
NBAP_AUDIT_REQ
NBAP_AUDIT_RSP
NBAP_CELL_SETUP_REQ
NBAP_CELL_SETUP_RSP
NBAP_COMM_TRANSP_CH_SETUP_REQ
NBAP_COMM_TRANSP_CH_SETUP_RSP
NBAP_SYS_INFO_UPDATE_REQ
NBAP_SYS_INFO_UPDATE_RSP
All rights reserved
Page 82
Calling Procedure
WCDMA calling procedure mainly contains:
RRC connection establishment

Iu interface signaling connection establishment
Authentication optional
Security mode optional
RAB establishment
All rights reserved
Page 83
RRC Connection Establishment (on DCH)

UE
RRC
Node
B
NBAP
NBAP
ALCA
P
ALCA
P
FP
FP
RRC
1.RRC Connect Setup Req

2.RL Setup Req
RN
RRC C
NBAP
3.RL Setup Rsp
NBAP
4.AAL2 Setup Req
ALCA
P
ALCA
P
5.AAL2 Setup Rsp

6.DL Sync
FP
7.UL Sync
FP
8.RRC Connect Setup
RRC
9.RRC Connect Setup Cmp

RRC
RRC
All rights reserved
Page 84
Iu Interface Signaling Connection Establishment

UE
RRC
Node
InitialBDT
CN
RN
RRC
RANAP
Initial UE Message Connect Req
RANAP
/SCCP
/SCCP
Connect Confirm
SCCP
SCCP
Iu interface signaling connection establishment means SCCP connection
establishment
In Iu interface, signaling of radio network layer report RANAP message and
NAS message, and NAS message in RANAP is embodied as Direct Transfer

message
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Page 85
RAB Establishment (1)
UE
Node
B
NBAP
NBAP
ALCA
P
ALCA
P
FP
FP
RL Recfg Prep
RL Recfg Ready
AAL2 Setup Req
AAL2 Setup Rsp
DL Sync
UL Sync
CN
RN
RANA
C
P
RANA
P
RANA
P
RAB Ass REQ

AAL2 Setup REQ
AAL2 Setup Rep
NBAP
NBAP
ALCA
P
ALCA
P
FP
FP
All rights reserved
Page 86
RANA
P
RANA
P
RANA
P
RAB Establishment (2)

UE
Node
B
CN
RN
C
RB Setup
RRC
RRC
RL Recfg Commit
NBAP
NBAP
RB Setup complete
RRC
RRC
RANA
P
RAB Ass Rsp
RANA
P
RAB bears speech, data and multimedia services between UE and CN

RAB establishment procedure mainly consists of AAL2 PATH
establishment in Iu interface and Iub interface, and the radio resource

reconfiguration procedure of RAN and UE
All rights reserved
Page 87
Example: Called Procedure(1)

CN
RANA
P
RN
PAGIN
G
RANA
C
P
RRC
Node
B
UE
PAGING
TYPE1
RRC
RRC SETUP
INITIAL DIRECT
TRANSFER
RRC
RRC
DOWNLINK DIRECT
TRANSFER
RRC
RRC
UPLINK DIRECT
TRANSFER
RRC
RRC
RANA
P
RANA
P
RANA
P
INITIAL UE
(Paging
MESSAGE
Response)
DIRECT
(Set
TRANSFER
Up)
DIRECT
(Call
TRANSFER
Confirm)
RANA
P
RANA
P
RANA
P
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Page 88
Example: Called Procedure(2)

CN
RANAP
NodeB
RNC
RAB ASSIGNMENT
REQ
UE
RANAP
RAB SETUP
RANAP
RAB ASSIGNMENT
RES
RANAP
RRC
RANAP
DIRECT TRANSFER
(Alerting)
RANAP
DIRECT TRANSFER
(Connect)
DIRECT TRANSFER
(Connect Acknowledge)
RRC
UPLINK DIRECT
TRANSFER
RRC
DOWNLINK DIRECT
TRANSFER
RRC
RANAP
RRC
RANAP
UPLINK DIRECT
TRANSFER
RANAP
RANAP
RRC
All rights reserved
Page 89
All rights reserved
Page 90

6.1 Equipment Coding
6.2 Area Coding
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Page 91
MSISDN
CC
SN
NDC
National (significant)
Mobile number
Mobile station international
ISDN number
CC Country Code, for example, China is 86

NDC National Destination Code, for example, 135, 139 and so on
SN
Subscriber Number
MSISDN common format:86-13X-H0 H1 H2 H3 ABCD
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Page 92
IMSI
Not more than 15 digits
3 digits
2 digits
MCC
MNC
MSIN
NMSI
IMSI
MCC Mobile Country Code, China is 460

MNC Mobile Network Code, for example, China mobile is 00 or 04
MSIN: the unique identification code of MS within one PLMN
NMSI: the unique identification code of MS within one country
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Page 93
IMEI
6 numbers
TAC
2 numbers
FAC
6 numbers
1 number
SNR
SP
IMEI 15 numbers
TAC Type Approval Code, distributed by Europe Type Authorize Centre
FAC Final Assembly Code, coded by manufacturer
SNR Serial Number, identifies every mobile equipment of TAC and FAC
spare standby bit, when UE send information, it is set to be 0
For example: 35495000251505
All rights reserved
Page 94
TMSI
TMSI is a temporary identification distributed in VLR for the
sake of system security, uniquely responding to IMSI within

VLR
TMSI distribution rule:
Contains 4 bytes, is composed of 8 hexes, its structure can

be determined by operator according to local situation
All rights reserved
Page 95
MSC
CC
NDC
LSP
MSC number
Meanings of CC and NDC are the same with regulation of
MSISDN
LSP Locally Significant Part, determined by operator
VLR/SGSN/GGSN number is similar to MSC number
All rights reserved
Page 96
HLR Number
CC
NDC
H0 H1 H2 H3 0000
HLR number
Meanings of CC and NDC are the same with regulation of
MSISDN, but all the latter 4 bits are 0
All rights reserved
Page 97
PS Domain Numbering
Equipment address
SGSN
10.136.20.15
APN:
www.huawei.com.mnc<MNC>.mcc<MCC>.gprs
APN network identification
APN operator identification
All rights reserved
Page 98

6.1 Equipment Coding
6.2 Area Coding
All rights reserved
Page 99
Area Definition
PLMN
MSC area Location Service

area
area
SGSN area
Route
area
cell
PLMN
All rights reserved
Page 100
PLMN ID
PLMN Identifier: used to uniquely identify a PLMN network
in the world
MCC
MNC
PLMN ID
MCC Mobile Country Code, say, China is 460

MNC Mobile Network Code, say, China mobile is 00 or 04
All rights reserved
Page 101
LAI
By detecting LAI, MS/UE may perform Location Area Update
procedure
Speech service is paging as a unit of LA
MCC
MNC
LAC
Location Area Identification

LAC Location Area Code, consists of 2 bytes (BCD code, hex)
0000 and FFFE cannot be adopted

All rights reserved
Page 102
RAI
By detecting RAI, MS/UE may perform Routing Area Update procedure
Packet service is paging as a unit of RA
MCC
MNC
LAC
RAC
Routing Area Identification


RAC Routing Area Code, consists of 1 byte (BCD code, hex)
All rights reserved
Page 103
SAI
The Service Area Identifier is used to identify an area consisting of
one or more cells belonging to the same Location Area. Service Area
can be used for indicating the location of a UE to the CN
MCC
MNC
MNC
LAC
SAC
Service Area Identifier


SAC Service Area Code, consists of 2 bytes (BCD code, hex)
All rights reserved
Page 104
Thank You
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Different Service, Different Technology

3G provides compositive services for both operators and subscribers

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IMT-2000 is the general name of third generation mobile

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GSM 1800 DECT

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1920 1980MHz 2110 2170MHz

1755 1785MHz 1850 1880MHz

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AMPS GSM PDC PHS are approaching saturation

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3G Application Service Conversational

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Picture and tone

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Frequency Selection of Fading

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Multiple Access Technology and Duplex Technology

Multiple access technology

Time division multiple access (TDMA)

Time division duplex (TDD)

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c1 c2 c3 are orthogonal with each other

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(UE1c1 UE2c2 UE3c3)c1

in this way, they can get their own signal

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High spectrum efficiency

More band occupancy

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